Philip Caesar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Philipp Caesar (* around 1580 in Kassel , † after 1642 probably in Cologne ) was a Reformed theologian of the 17th century.

Life

Caesar's date of birth has not been determined. He must have been born in Kassel around 1580. From 1602 to October 1, 1605, he studied theology in Marburg with small interruptions. Caesar was mentioned in 1605 as a major of the scholarship holders at the Kassel Collegium Mauritianum (Knight Academy). After moving this institution to Marburg , he also moved there in 1605. He married Christina Pincier, widow of Johann Peter Eber.

1610 Phillip Caesar as a court chaplain of Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp to Schloss Gottorf appointed. There he campaigned for the spread of Reformed teaching. For this he was honored with a doctorate from the theological faculty of the University of Marburg . After the death of Johann Adolfs Caesar was by Friedrich III. von Gottorf-Holstein dismissed as court preacher in order to prevent an impending religious dispute in the Protestant regional church.

Preacher and professor in Bremen

On June 21, 1616, he was elected the first preacher at the St. Ansgarii Church in Bremen . Shortly afterwards, Philipp Caesar was appointed professor at the Illustre grammar school , the former university in Bremen, by the Senate of Bremen . In 1617 he published the text "Disputationes apologeticae de pugna inter dogma omnipraesentiae corporis domini nostri Jesu Christi et articulum de ultimo ejus adventu" against the strict Lutheran teaching .

After the end of the Dordrecht Synod , Caesar began to preach as a representative of the strict Reformed doctrine of predestination . He turned against other pastors in the city, the Senate and the Ministry of Churches, but was able to gather a considerable number of supporters. Opponents included Ludwig Crocius , first preacher at the Martinikirche and Heinrich Isselburg , who was a preacher at the Bremen Liebfrauenkirche . Both had co-signed the Dordrecht Decisions, as they allowed a milder teaching. From the point of view of the Bremen government, there was a decisive interest in fundamentally belonging to the Lutheran Augsburg Confession , since the Augsburg religious peace only existed between Lutherans and Catholics. However, Bremen's independence was endangered by a reformed confession, since the actual status as a free imperial city was not officially recognized by the emperor until 1648 with the Linz diploma . As a result of the violent doctrinal dispute, Caesar finally resigned his ministerial office on April 2, 1624 at the urging of the Spiritual Ministry .

After resigning from his office, he initially left Bremen, but stayed here more often. His followers wanted him to be elected preacher in St. Ansgarii in 1624 and in the St. Stephen's parish in 1627 . When efforts to elect Caesar also existed in the Liebfrauengemeinde, the election of the first preacher was preferred there and the previous first preacher of St. Martini Ludwig Crocius became a preacher there, but Philip Caesar was elected to the vacant position in St. Martini After he had officially promised improvement to the Ministry of Churches, he was also appointed by the Senate on September 27, 1628.

After another clash, Caesar left Bremen again on January 16, 1630 and converted to Catholicism in Verden . According to later statements from his wife, who remained in Bremen, he had already gone to Catholic mass with her in Verden. From Osnabrück he tried to hold onto his office in St. Martini, but failed because of the political resistance of the Senate.

Later whereabouts

In 1642 the book "Tirapostolatus Septentrionis", edited by Philipp Caesar, was published in Cologne . Vita et gesta S. Willehadi , S. Ansgarii , S. Rimberti , trium principalum Ecclesiae Bremensis Episcoporum Septentrionis Apostolorum " with a preface from Bonn , in which again professes to the Catholic Church. According to a handwritten note in a copy of this book, he is said to have died in Cologne.

literature

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Jacob Fabricius the Elder Generalpropst for Holstein plus. Share and general superintendent for Schleswig ducal share
1610 - 1616 		Jacob Fabricius the Elder
personal data
SURNAME Caesar, Philip
BRIEF DESCRIPTION reformed theologian
DATE OF BIRTH around 1580
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH after 1642
Place of death Cologne