Philipp Crusius

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Philipp Crusius

Philipp Crusius , from 1649: von Kruus , from 1650: von Krusenstiern (born May 1, 1597 in Eisleben , † April 10, 1676 in Reval ) was a lawyer, diplomat and administrative officer.

Live and act

Philipp Crusius was a son of the clergyman Johannes Crusius († 1616) and his wife Barbara, née Kreijer. He completed a law degree at the University of Jena and enrolled in the register there with the German name "Krauss". As a licentiate in both rights, he initially worked for the Count of Mansfeld and from 1622 in the Council of Friedrich III.

During the Thirty Years War Crusius worked as a ducal negotiator and commissioner for Dithmarschen and Eiderstedt . In 1628 he changed to the emperor's service for unknown reasons and worked as a war commissioner for Dithmarschen and the Steinburg office. In 1629 he helped negotiate the Lübeck Peace Treaty and a year later traveled to Italy on behalf of the emperor.

Wallenstein sent Crusius to Gottorf in 1632, where he again worked for the duke. Together with Otto Brüggemann , he joined a Gottorf group that was supposed to negotiate a new trade route. In preparation for trips to Russia and Persia, they met Axel Oxenstierna in Halle in early 1633 . They then moved to Stockholm and spoke to the Swedish Imperial Council there.

From November 1633 to April 1635, Crusius and the delegation visited Moscow , where negotiations with the tsar resulted in a trade agreement. Then they returned to their homeland and negotiated again with Oxenstierna in Hamburg . In October 1635, the group traveled via Moscow, the Volga and the Caspian Sea and reached Isfahan . They could not achieve any success in negotiations and were back in Gottorf in August 1639. During the negotiations, Crusius, who probably knew how to act diplomatically, was the first envoy to officially lead the mission. In fact, Brüggemann had taken the lead and had a negative impact on the action project. Crusius then accompanied the project as a resident in Reval.

After the final failure of the negotiations in 1644, Crusius worked for the Swedish royal family and in 1648 became first assessor at the Reval Castle Court. Raised to the nobility in 1649, he worked as a state and assistant councilor for the Swedish government of Estonia from 1651. In 1652/53 he participated as a negotiator in defining the borders between Russia and Ingermanland . In 1653 he received a position as a commercial director for Estonia and Ingermanland as well as Burgrave of Narva as an expert in Russian trade . Like governor Oxenstierna, he advocated a modern free trade policy.

As the envoy of Charles X Gustav , Crusius traveled to Moscow in 1655, where he was supposed to help negotiate the extension of the Stolbowa peace agreement , which, however, did not materialize. Crusius was imprisoned from the beginning of the Russo-Swedish War until its end in 1658. He then took part in the armistice negotiations. A year later he was appointed governor of Reval and president of the castle court. From 1670 he lived in seclusion on his estates in Estonia.

Works

In 1648 Crusius created a translation of the Swedish urban and rural law into German. He codified Estonia's knight and land rights and completed the work in 1650. The collection, which was only printed in 1821, was the basis of Estonian jurisprudence until the 19th century.

family

Crusius was primarily married to Barbara Voigt from 1623, who died in 1634. In his second marriage he married Maria Müller on May 13, 1639, whose father Johannes Müller worked as a merchant and councilor in Reval. His second wife, who died after 1687, was a sister-in-law of Adam Olearius .

Crusius had eleven children, six of whom died at a young age. His youngest son Adolf Friedrich (1652–1687) had sons Ewert Philipp (1676–1746) and Adolf Friedrich (1679–1713), from whose families branches in Estonia (from Krusenstjern) and Sweden (from Krusenstjerna) emerged.

literature

Web links

Commons : Philip von Krusenstiern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Crusius, Philipp
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kruus, from; Krusenstiern, from
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lawyer, diplomat and administrative officer
DATE OF BIRTH May 1, 1597
PLACE OF BIRTH Eisleben
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1676
Place of death Reval