Philipp Rappaport

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Philipp Rappaport (born December 10, 1879 in Berlin ; † November 18, 1955 in Essen ; full name: Philipp August Rappaport ) was a German architect , town planner , construction officer , university lecturer and author, as well as director of the Ruhr Coal District Association (SVR) in Essen.

Life

Rappaport was born as the son of the Koenigsberg resident businessman Adolf Rappaport and his wife Alma Rappaport born. Naumann was born and had five siblings. One brother was the ancient historian Bruno Rappaport . After the death of his father, the family moved to Kosen in 1881 . In 1888 his mother married the teacher Karl Rothe for the second time and the family lived in Nordhausen am Harz from 1894 . Rappaport visited the country Pforta and began studying economics at Berlin University and the University of Giessen, but then quickly changed to study in the construction business at the Institute of Technology (Berlin) Charlottenburg , which he on 22 October 1904, the Diploma completed. He spent the school and semester holidays in Nordhausen with his family. There he created numerous pen drawings with motifs from the old town and in 1907 the small monograph An old imperial city as it was and will be .

He then completed a legal clerkship as a government construction manager. From 1906 to 1907 he was involved in the construction of the Reichsbank branch in Charlottenburg under the direction of Reichsbank architect Julius Habicht . In 1907 he won the Schinkel Prize and after passing the 2nd state examination he was appointed government architect ( assessor in public construction) in 1908. He initially worked in the construction industry for the Imperial Navy and for the Koblenz district government .

From 1912 Rappaport was employed in the Prussian Ministry of Public Works in Berlin, where he worked on construction projects in the construction department and was entrusted with construction work, e. B. the 1913 completed Royal District Court Eisleben . Also in 1912 he did his doctorate at the Technical University of Charlottenburg as a doctoral engineer (Dr.-Ing.) And then worked part-time as a permanent assistant at the university's urban planning seminar.

From 1914 to 1918 he took part in the First World War as a soldier , most recently as adjutant to a General of the Pioneers. He was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd and 1st class . In 1918 he initially returned to the Ministry's construction department, but soon became an employee of the State Commissioner for Housing .

In 1920 he was appointed State Commissioner for Miners' Housing for the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial district, and he also lectured at the Düsseldorf Art Academy . On October 20, 1920, Rappaport took up his position as First Alderman and Deputy Association Director at the newly founded Ruhr Coal District Association (SVR) in Essen. Finally, in 1932, he was appointed acting association director of the SVR, but retired in 1933 after the Nazis came to power.

Rappaport then worked as an expert for private clients, especially in West German industry. In 1944 he was arrested and sent to a forced labor camp, from which he was able to escape shortly before the end of the war in 1945.

After the end of the Second World War, Rappaport was appointed director of the SVR and commissioner for the construction of miners' housing. In addition to his job, he was temporarily entrusted with setting up a central office for urban development and housing in the British occupation zone , based in Lemgo . He held the office of association director until 1951 and then retired. Rappaport thus played an important role in the development of state planning as a planning instrument. In addition, he worked again as a lecturer for urban planning in Düsseldorf.

Rappaport had been with Gertrud born in 1921. Moser (1896–1990) married, both had four children.

Reconstruction after 1945

After the forced creative break during the Nazi era, Rappaport took part in the development of guidelines for reconstruction with numerous publications right at the end of the war. So he created the motto "Germany is far too poor to be built up twice".

In doing so, he voted against “everything that was provisional, provisional, half-finished”, which for him was “bad and far too expensive”. So there should be no makeshift makeshift architecture, no makeshift arrangements, but a "contemporary architecture" that corresponded to the circumstances and should also present itself as such. That is why the basic requirement that the reconstruction "has a definitive character despite the necessary speed and despite the required simplicity" applied not only to Rappaport.

In his capacity as director of the Ruhr coal district settlement association (SVR), Rappaport played a significant role in the urban planning and the architecture of the reconstruction. As their goals, he formulated the elimination of historical planning errors, the separation of living and workplaces and the order of traffic.

Honors

On the occasion of his 70th birthday, Rappaport was appointed titular professor of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and received an honorary doctorate from the Technical University of Aachen (Dr.-Ing. E. h.). In 1952 he was awarded the Great Federal Cross of Merit. He was the bearer of the plaque of honor of the study society for automobile road construction . The Rappaportstraße in Marl (northern part of the north-south axis) was named after him.

Fonts

  • An old imperial city as it was and will be. Letters to e. Friend. In: How we see our home. Vol. 7, Nordhausen 1907.
  • The development of the German marketplace. In: Urban planning lectures. Vol. 7, Berlin 1914.
  • Care and self-care in residential construction. 1920.
  • Apartments for many. In: Catalog of the building exhibition in Essen 1925. Essen undated (1925).
  • Urban development and regional planning in their connection with economy and culture. Berlin 1929.
  • The reconstruction of the German cities. Essen 1946.
  • Reconstruction and new construction of apartments. Ludenscheid 1949.
  • Wishes and Reality of German Reconstruction. Frankfurt am Main 1949.
  • Traffic issues in US America. A travel consideration. Lecture, Essen 1952.
  • Life and landscape through the ages. Tübingen 1954.
  • The structural development of North Rhine-Westphalia in the last few decades. In: Fifty Years of the Rhenish-Westphalian Building Industry. o. O. 1954.

literature

  • Robert Volz: Reich manual of the German society . The handbook of personalities in words and pictures. Volume 2: L-Z. Deutscher Wirtschaftsverlag, Berlin 1931, DNB 453960294 , pp. 1473f.
  • Fritz Pudor: Life pictures from the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial area. Düsseldorf 1960, p. 40ff.
  • Erwin Dickhoff: Essen heads. Who was what Richard Bracht Verlag, Essen 1985, ISBN 3-87034-037-1 , p. 188.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Nordhausen city archives: Nordhausen personalities from eleven centuries . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 2009. p. 224.
  2. ^ Bismarckstrasse (Charlottenburg) . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  3. ↑ International Biographical Archive , 13/1969, March 17, 1969
  4. ^ Rudolf Vierhaus: German biographical encyclopedia (DBE). Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2007, ISBN 3-598-25030-4 .
  5. ^ Philipp Rappaport: The reconstruction of the German cities. Essen 1946.
  6. ↑ Ulrich Pantle: Concept of Reduction. Contributions to church building in Germany from 1945 to 1950. Institute for Fundamentals of Modern Architecture and Design at the University of Stuttgart, 2003.
  7. ↑ Urban development since the Nazi era and reconstruction of cities after 1945 in North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn 2005.
personal data
SURNAME Rappaport, Philipp
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rappaport, Philipp August (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect, urban planner, construction officer, university professor and author
DATE OF BIRTH December 10, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH November 18, 1955
Place of death eat