Phorate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Phorate
other names	O , O- diethyl- S - (ethylthiomethyl) dithiophosphate; Thimet;
Molecular formula	C 7 H 17 O 2 PS 3
Brief description	colorless to yellowish liquid with an intense odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	206-052-2
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.503
PubChem	4790
Wikidata	Q421197
properties
Molar mass	260.38 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	1.156 g cm −3 at 25 ° C
Melting point	−42.9 ° C
boiling point	75-78 ° C (0.13 mBar)
Vapor pressure	negligible at 25 ° C
solubility	practically insoluble in water (50 mg l −1 ); soluble in most organic solvents such as acetone ;
Refractive index	1.5329 (25 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 300 + 310 + 330-410
	P: 262-273-280-301 + 310 + 330-302 + 352 + 310-304 + 340 + 310
MAK	Switzerland: 0.05 mg m −3 (measured as inhalable dust )
Toxicological data	1 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Phorate is an active ingredient for crop protection and a chemical compound from the group of thiophosphoric acid esters .

Extraction and presentation

Phorate can be obtained by reacting O , O -diethyldithiophosphate with formaldehyde and ethanethiol .

Alternatively, it can also be obtained by reacting O , O- diethyldithiophosphate with chloromethylethyl sulfide .

properties

Phorate is a highly toxic, colorless to yellowish liquid with an intense odor that is practically insoluble in water.

use

Phorate is used as an insecticide and nematicide . It works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase . It was approved in the USA in 1959 and sold by American Cyanamid , among others . The production rights were sold by BASF to American Vanguard in 2005 .

Admission

The EC Commission did not include Phorat in Annex I of Directive 91/414 / EEC in 2002, which is why the substance must not be contained in plant protection products in EU countries. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, no pesticides with this active ingredient are permitted.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on phorate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Entry on Phorate in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed June 14, 2012.
↑ WHO / FAO Data Sheet on Pesticides (PDS) for Phorates ( Memento from July 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Entry on phorates in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 298-02-2 or Phorat ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
↑ Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . Elsevier, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8155-1401-5 , pp. 362 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ Terence Robert Roberts, DH Hutson: Metabolic pathways of agrochemicals . Royal Soc of Chemistry, 1999, ISBN 978-0-85404-499-3 , pp. 428 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ United States. Environmental Protection Agency: Pesticide Fact Handbook, Volume 2 . 1990, p. 492 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ BASF sells global business with the insecticide terbufos to AMVAC AMVAC expects greater market opportunities - BASF Crop Protection concentrates resources , Düsseldorf, press release of November 28, 2006.
↑ Regulation (EC) No. 2076/2002 of the Commission of November 20, 2002 extending the deadline in accordance with Article 8 (2) of Council Directive 91/414 / EEC and on the non-inclusion of certain active substances in Annex I of this directive as well as the revocation of the Approvals of plant protection products with these active ingredients (PDF)
↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on phorates in the EU pesticide database ; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 12, 2016.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on phorate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .

[HSDB-2] Entry on Phorate in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed June 14, 2012.

[who-3] WHO / FAO Data Sheet on Pesticides (PDS) for Phorates ( Memento from July 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )

[CLP_100.005.503-4] Entry on phorates in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[5] Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 298-02-2 or Phorat ), accessed on November 2, 2015.

[Thomas_A._Unger-6] Thomas A. Unger: Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . Elsevier, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8155-1401-5 , pp. 362 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Roberts-7] Terence Robert Roberts, DH Hutson: Metabolic pathways of agrochemicals . Royal Soc of Chemistry, 1999, ISBN 978-0-85404-499-3 , pp. 428 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[buch-8] United States. Environmental Protection Agency: Pesticide Fact Handbook, Volume 2 . 1990, p. 492 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[9] BASF sells global business with the insecticide terbufos to AMVAC AMVAC expects greater market opportunities - BASF Crop Protection concentrates resources , Düsseldorf, press release of November 28, 2006.

[10] Regulation (EC) No. 2076/2002 of the Commission of November 20, 2002 extending the deadline in accordance with Article 8 (2) of Council Directive 91/414 / EEC and on the non-inclusion of certain active substances in Annex I of this directive as well as the revocation of the Approvals of plant protection products with these active ingredients (PDF)

[PSM-11] General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on phorates in the EU pesticide database ; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 12, 2016.