Phyllium bioculatum

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Phyllium bioculatum
Phyllium bioculatum, female

Phyllium bioculatum , female

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Ghost horror (Phasmatodea)
Family : Walking Leaves (Phylliidae)
Genre : Phyllium
Subgenus : Pulchriphyllium
Type : Phyllium bioculatum
Scientific name
Phyllium bioculatum
Gray, GR , 1832
groomed male

Phyllium bioculatum is the longest livingspecies of walking leaf (Phylliidae)in terrariums . She was successful already over 100 years ago in Germany held and thus one of the most well-known types of order of stick insects (Phasmatodea) at all.

features

The animals are very variable in terms of body shape and color depending on their origin and the climatic conditions of their habitat. So there are individuals who are green, yellow, brown or reddish speckled or almost monochrome. The shape and size of the abdomen and the leaf-like widenings ( praises ) on the limbs also vary greatly. The females reach a body length of 67 to 94 millimeters, the males remain significantly smaller with 50 to 68 millimeters. In the adult females only the forewings are fully developed. Males have short fore wings and fully developed, transparent hind wings. The legs and rails of the middle pair of legs , which are always brown in color, are characteristic of the males . The front and rear legs also show differently distinctive brown areas on these limbs, depending on their origin.

distribution

The distribution area of Phyllium bioculatum extends in the west to the Seychelles and Mauritius , in the east and south to Malaysia , Sumatra , Borneo and Java and in the north via India , Sri Lanka to China .

Systematics

The species is assigned to the Pulchriphyllium subgenus established by Griffini in 1898 . The full name for Phyllium bioculatum would therefore be Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) bioculatum . Because of its large area of ​​distribution and the very different color forms, it was described under different names in the 19th century, which led to a not inconsiderable number of synonyms :

In a study from 2009, Hennemann et al. assume that some of these synonyms could also represent good subspecies . The division into the following subspecies according to morphological but also zoogeographical features would be possible:

  • Phyllium bioculatum bioculatum Gray, GR , 1833 from the Malay Peninsula and Singapore
  • Phyllium bioculatum agathyrsus Gray, GR , 1843 from Sri Lanka and Southeast India
  • Phyllium bioculatum crurifolium Serville , 1838 from the Seychelles

Phyllium bioculatum pulchrifolium from Java and Sumatra was also proposed as a subspecies . This was also synonymous with Phyllium bioculatum from 1999 to 2018 , but has since been listed again as a separate species, i.e. Phyllium pulchrifolium Serville , 1838. Its synonym Phyllium magdelainei Lucas , 1857, was considered a synonym for Phyllium bioculatum from 1976 to 2018 .

Hennemann et al. also proposed in 2009 to subdivide the genus Phyllium into species groups below the subgenera. For Phyllium bioculatum , the bioculatum species group is proposed here, to which Phyllium giganteum and Phyllium sinense , as well as Phyllium pulchrifolium , which have been valid again since 2018 , must be assigned.

Keeping in the terrarium

Phyllium bioculatum makes similar demands on keeping in the terrarium as the other kept species of walking leaves . However, for successful breeding, particular care must be taken to comply with the climatic conditions. A temperature of 24 to 28 ° C and a humidity of between 75 and 80 percent are important for successful maturation of the eggs and the survival of the newly hatched nymphs a sufficient supply of fresh air, which can be achieved via a small fan or fan.

The leafy branches of blackberries , raspberries , roses and oaks as well as those of guavas , on which the species was successfully kept in Germany at the end of the 19th century, are suitable as food .

The species is listed in three to four locality varieties by the Phasmid Study Group . A form originating from Java was introduced in the 1970s. It is listed under PSG number 10 and called Phyllium bioculatum var. Pulchrifolium by some authors . A form introduced from Sri Lanka in the late 1970s is listed under number 59. This breeding line, whose representatives are sometimes seen as Phyllium bioculatum var. Agathyrsus , is no longer safe in breeding. A third form, sometimes referred to as Phyllium bioculatum var. Bioculatum , was introduced from West Malaysia a little later, namely in the early 1980s. It is listed under number 60 and the breeding line is considered extinct. Another Phyllium species, listed under number 77 and imported from West Malaysia in the mid-1980s , is also included in Phyllium bioculatum , according to some authors . The eggs of this form differ both from those of the breeding line from Java listed under number 10 and from those of the animals also from West Malaysia that are listed under number 60. This breeding line has also expired.

Web links

Commons : Phyllium bioculatum  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Phyllium page by Detlef Großer
  2. ↑ a b Detlef Großes: Wandering Leaves , Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-930612-46-8
  3. ↑ Frank H. Hennemann , Oskar V. Conle , Marco Gottardo & Joachim Bresseel : Zootaxa 2322: On certain species of the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798, with proposals for an intra-generic systematization and the descriptions of five new species from the Philippines and Palawan (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini) , p. 63, Magnolia Press, Auckland, New Zealand 2009, ISSN  1175-5326
  4. ^ Paul D. Brock : Phasmida Species File Online . Version 5.0 / 5.0 (accessed November 24, 2018)
  5. ↑ Christoph Seiler, Sven Bradler, Rainer Koch: Phasmids - care and breeding of ghost horrors, stick insects and walking leaves in the terrarium - bede, Ruhmannsfelden 2000. ISBN 3-933646-89-8
  6. ↑ PSG Culture List on the Phasmid Study Group website .
  7. ↑ Phasmatodea page by Oskar V. Conle and Frank H. Hennemann ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.phasmatodea.com