Desert ink dusting
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Desert ink dusting ( Podaxis pistillaris ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Podaxis pistillaris | ||||||||||||
| ( L .: Pers. ) Fr. |
The podaxis pistillaris ( Podaxis pistillaris ) is a fungal art from the family of mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae). The species is distributed worldwide and was first mentioned in 1771 from the Indian subcontinent .
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting body is up to 15 centimeters high and has a hard, woody stem. This is pale to brown, straight, between four and nine centimeters long and between half and one centimeter thick; the base is bulbous.
The hat (pileus) is ellipsoidal to egg-shaped. It is four to eleven inches high and two to four inches wide. The hat merges into the stem, but can come off with age. The shell ( peridium ) has two layers. The exoperidium (outer skin) is yellowish-brown, smooth to scaly, mostly flaky or paper-like. It loosens with age and then releases the endoperidium. In ripe specimens, this is usually dark brown, previously creamy to brownish-yellow in color. It is brittle at first and later tears open at the lower edge, revealing the dark brown to black gleba . This is pale to yellowish in young specimens. In the scalp , the spores are embedded.
Microscopic features
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The spores are 10-14 × 9-12 µm in size. They are round, smooth and yellow to deep reddish-brown in color. They have a double wall and a shortened base. Older spores are very different.
Species delimitation
Podaxis pistillaris is similar to the Schopftintling ( Coprinus comatus ). It differs from this in that the cap usually remains closed and the spores are only spread after the peridium has been torn open . They are also double-walled. The Schopftintling, on the other hand, only occurs in damp regions. Its fruiting body has lamellae and the hat melts like an ink. The spores it contains are only single-walled.
Montagnea arenaria is also similar to Podaxis pistillaris . Common to both is the woody stem. However, Montagnea arenaria grows out of a cover ( volva ), its hat is much smaller and has black, crumpled lamellas .
ecology
The fruiting bodies ( basidiocarp ) are particularly common after the rainy seasons in spring or during summer. During the dry seasons, they only occur on irrigated land. They usually occur on sandy, loamy or semi-clayey soil in earth cracks. The mycelium is often associated with termite mounds .
The fungus grows fastest at temperatures around 40 degrees Celsius . It cannot grow up to around 20 and 50 degrees Celsius. Thus Podaxis pistillaris is neither thermophilic nor mesophilic. It has been observed that fruit bodies are only formed when the monthly average maximum temperature of the soil is above the minimum growth temperature (25 ° C). Fruiting is greatest when the monthly average minimum temperature is around or above the minimum growth temperature and the monthly average maximum temperature is below or at the lower end of the range of optimal growth temperature (35-40 ° C).
distribution
The fungus is found in the semi-deserts of Africa , Asia , Australia and America between 40 degrees north and 40 degrees south latitude. Most of the discoveries were made in regions with long dry seasons. In Europe , the species was first detected in 2012 on a Mediterranean island.
meaning
ingredients
The fruit bodies are known to be rich in proteins , which contain all of the essential amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and minerals. Antimicrobial activities against the infection-causing bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the pathogen Proteus mirabilis were found.
According to reports from Nigeria and South Africa , the mushroom is also toxic . In addition, a high level of lanthanoids was measured (75 mg kg −1 ).
use
The mushroom is eaten in India , Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia , for example . The fruit bodies are used in some parts of Yemen for the treatment of skin diseases , in South Africa as a folk medicine for sunburn, and in China for the treatment of inflammation . In Australia , the Aborigines used the mushroom in the desert to darken white whiskers .
swell
literature
- MAA Al-Fatimi, W.-D. Jülich, R. Jansen and U. Lindequist: Bioactive Components of the Traditionally used Mushroom Podaxis pistillaris . In: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , Volume 3, 2006, pp. 87-92. doi : 10.1093 / ecam / nek008 .
- SM Khan, DA Khan and RH Kurtzman, Jr .: Temperature Studies on Podaxis pistillaris . In: Mycologia , Vol. 71, No. 4 (Jul-Aug, 1979), pp. 861-867. ( Scan of the first page )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Podaxis pistillaris on mykoweb.
- ↑ a b c d Podaxis pistillaris ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at fungimap
- ↑ G. Friebes, I. Wendelin: First record of Podaxis pistillaris in Europe. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 80 (1), 2014, pp. 81–92.
