Pola (noble family)

Coat of arms of Count Pola

Pola is the name of a noble family .

In 1331 she was raised to the rank of count , which, after the Venetian Republic had allied itself with the Austrian monarchy, was confirmed by Emperor Franz I on August 4, 1819 .

origin

Around the year 1000 lived the then rich and important Sergians family in Pula. The first mention of it comes from the year 990, but according to legend the family came from the ancient Roman patrician family of the Sergians . In the 13th century she changed her surname to the city of Pula, which she now officially owned.

Divisions

In the Middle Ages, the family split into two lines. The Istrian line, which for a long time ruled practically all of southern Istria , gained particular importance . This line died out with Paolo Nascinguerra di Pola (Castropola) in 1464. The other line was called the "Italian" line. She survived until modern times. In 1607 the family split again into the so-called Italian and Bohemian lines.

history

The Palace of the Counts of Pola in Treviso

The pedigree begins in 1180 when Bonifacio Sergi became a tax collector in Pula . His sons founded the two lines of the family - in Treviso (Nascinguerra I.) and in Pula (Galvano).

The Istrian line

It gained great importance especially through Monfiorito de Pola . In 1265 he was made vicarius in Istria by Albert II of Gorizia . This office was also given to his brother Nascinguerra II in 1285. The family's task was to defend Pula against the claims of Venice. This line had to leave Istria in 1331 and move to the city of Treviso, where the other branch of the family was based. After its return in the second half of the 14th century, it died out in 1464.

more about the fight against Venice here

The Italian line

This line was founded by Nascinguerra I. His son Bonifacio II was mayor of Treviso between 1269 and 1283. The family got rich thanks to Sergio III. di Pola, who was an able merchant. One of his sons, Francesco Pola, received a doctorate in law in Padua in 1431 . Through Pope Eugene IV , he became a judge in Rome and Capitano del Popolo Romano . He died in 1450. His nephew, Bernardino Pola, built a palace in Treviso , the architect of which was Pietro Lombardo . The brothers Paolo and Ansoisio Pola were also important. Paolo married Antiope di Spilimbergo and their daughter, Laura da Pola, married Niccolo di Colloredo in 1604 - a forefather of the Colloredo-Mansfeld dynasty . Ansoisio married Lavinia Caetani in 1575 from a Roman princely family from which, among other things, two popes came from. Her son, Filippo Crostoforo, left Treviso in 1607 and founded a branch of the family in Bohemia that still lives in Prague and that owns the Bukovec Castle . Count Pietro Pola became a Knight of the Order of San Marco in 1617, as did Paolo Pola (since 1675). Fra Camillo Pola became a Knight of the Maltese Order. When he became an official of the Order in Venice, a parata musicale took place under the leadership of Antonio Vivaldi . Also known is Theresia Walpurga Countess von Pola, who was the first wife of Count Adam Albert von Neipperg , who after her death married Maria Louisa, the widow of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte . The Italian line died out in the 19th century.

The bohemian line

Part of the family immigrated to Bohemia at the beginning of the 17th century and founded the Bohemian line there. Lorenzo Pola (1620–1699) invested in the glass industry, but was unsuccessful. The other members of the family were active in local politics or as soldiers, but were also unsuccessful there. During the communist era, the family stayed in Czechoslovakia. Members of this line still live in the Czech Republic today. Mogolzen Castle is owned by this line . This line never reached the Bohemian nobility.

The Cooperative Line

This line was mentioned in Koper in 1420 . In 1808 she founded the family union with the patrician family Grisoni with the name Pola-Grisoni. On August 1, 1819, it was given the status of count by Emperor Franz I. In 1858, this line died out and the entire family property was given to the Charité.

The Counts of Pola must not be confused with the family of Count Alberti von Poja and Count Alberti von Enno , who also have different coats of arms.

Important representatives

Count Paolo Pola

• Monfiorito da Pola - 1265, chief judge of the margraviate of Istria
• Nascinguerra da Pola - 1285, chief judge of the margraviate of Istria
• Matteo da Pola - 1280, bishop of Pula
• Sergius II. Da Pola - Admiral, 1318-1319 he commanded the insurgent fleet against Venice and won the naval battle against the Venetian Admiral Nicola da Badoera with this in 1319.
• Geremia da Pola - 1420, Bishop of Koper
• Francesco da Pola - Judge in Rome and Capitano del Popolo Romano
• Laura da Pola - In 1544 the Venetian painter Lorenzo Lotto painted a very famous portrait of her.
• Pietro da Pola - 1620, Mayor of Koper , poet
• Laura da Pola-Colloredo - wife of Niccolo di Colloredo - a forefather of the Colloredo-Mansfeld dynasty
• Paolo Pola - 1675, Knight of the Order of San Marco
• Sergio Pola - 1706, Titular Bishop of Famagusta
• Camillo da Pola - 1721, Maltese knight, supported Antonio Vivaldi
• Paolo Luigi Pola - became a Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown and "ciambellano della corte del vicere" in 1807. He was also a friend of Napoleon Bonaparte.
• Giovanni Battista Pola - robber, died in prison
• Theresia Walpurga Pola - wife of Count Adam Albert von Neipperg
• Bedřich Pola - founder of the first private integrated circuit development center in Czechoslovakia

literature

• Luigi Urettini: La lacrimevole istoria del conte Titta Pola , Treviso 2007 (Risorgimento until the end of the family)
• Alteniero Degli Azzoni Avogadro: 1796–1803 - Vita privata e pubblica nelle Provincie venete (da memorie e documenti inediti) , Libreria editrice Canova, Treviso 1954, p. 249
• Camillo De Franceschi: Il Comune polese e la signoria dei Castropola , AMSI, 1904
• Bernardo Benussi: Povijest Pule u svjetskih municipalnih ustanova do 1918 , Pula 2002
• Giovanni Battista Alvise nob. Semenzi: Treviso e sua Provincia , Treviso 1864
• Giuseppe Dicuonzo: Nato in rifugio. Il polesano di Barletta. La tragedia istriana sconosciuta , Trento 2008 (expulsion of the Italians between 1943 and 1947)
• F. Hamilton Jackson: The shores of the Adriatic , London 1908
• Domenico Rossetti: Archeografo triestino , 1837
• Notie storiche di Pola , 1867
• Luigi Firpo: Relazioni di ambasciatori veneti al Senato: Costantinopoli Relazioni Inedite (1512–1789)
• Archivio Veneto : pubblicazione periodica: XIII., XIV., 1877
• Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Venezie : Miscellanea di storia veneta , Venice 1931
• Pietro Stancovich: Biografia degli uomini distinti dell'Istria , 1888
• Carl Friedrich Benjamin Leupold: General Nobility Archive of the Austrian Monarchy , 1791
• Francesco Schröder: Repertorio Genealogico delle Famiglie Confermate obili e die titolati nobili , Venice 1830
• Frangipane Giorgio Aldrighetti, Marino Zorzi, Leopoldo Mazzarolli e Italo Quadrio: Elenco delle famiglie nobili delle Venezie , Udine 2001

Web links

Commons : Pola  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• I conti Pola (Castropola). L'origine della famiglia. Barcon.it (Italian)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Dario Alberi: Istria - Storia, arte e cultura. , 2009
2. ↑ Monticchio Polesano - Montić ( Italian , PDF; 57 kB) istriadalmazia.it. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 10, 2013. 
3. ^ Conti Pola (Castropola) ( Italian ) barcon.it. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
4. ↑ Zámek Bukovec ( Czech ) turistika.cz. Retrieved May 10, 2013.