Political system of Tunisia

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The political system of Tunisia is determined by the new constitution of the Republic of Tunisia , which was passed in January 2014 . The system was changed by the revolution in Tunisia in 2010/2011 , which led to the flight of the previous President Ben Ali . Until then, from 1987 onwards, Habib Bourguiba , the country's founder, had ruled the country largely from authoritarian to dictatorial under the leadership of their respective totally dominant party, after the country became independent from French colonial rule. Today Tunisia is a pluralistic democracy with free elections and a semi-presidential system of government , in which the President of the Tunisian Republic and the unicameral parliament, the assembly of the People's Representatives , exercise mutual control.

Until the 2011 revolution

According to the constitution of 1959 , which had been amended several times, most recently in 2002, Tunisia was a presidential republic .

In 1957 the parliament declared Tunisia a republic and elected Habib Bourguiba as president; In 1975 he was confirmed for life. In 1964 Destour Party and Neo Destur Party were reorganized into the Unity Socialist Destur Party . The cautious domestic political liberalization in 1980 led to the admission of further political groups. In 1984 there was still the bread riots . In 1987, Bourguiba was ousted by Prime Minister Ben Ali, who took over the office of President. Ben Ali was elected to office in 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009. A party law passed in 1988 institutionalized the multi-party system, but was rejected by the opposition, which has only been represented in parliament since 1994, because of the fixed priority for the ruling party Rassemblement constitutionnel démocratique and the restrictive provisions.

Contrary to President Ben Ali's announcement that he would initiate democratic reforms in 1997, the persecution and obstruction of opposition forces intensified.

executive

The head of state, commander in chief of the armed forces and chief executive officer was the president, who was directly elected for 5 years.

The President appointed and dismissed the government chaired by the Prime Minister and had a right of veto .

The 2002 constitutional revision lifted the previous limitation on the presidential term of office to a maximum of three terms.

legislative branch

The legislative power lay with the Chamber of Deputies ( Chambre des députés ), which had 182 members and was also directly elected for 5 years.

In 2002 a constitutional amendment decided to create a second, advisory chamber of parliament.

Judiciary

The Tunisian legal system was based on French civil law and Islamic law . The judiciary was formally independent, although the judicial council was headed by the head of state.

After the Constitution was adopted in 2014

The Constituent Assembly adopted a new constitution in January 2014 with a large majority. Among other things, freedom of conscience , equality between men and women and parliamentary democracy are enshrined in the constitution.

For the first time, the parliament in October 2014 and the president in December 2014 were determined by democratic election. Another presidential election took place in autumn 2019 . In the runoff election, Kais Saied was elected President.

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ↑ The Brockhaus in five volumes . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 2004. Page 4886
  2. ↑ The Brockhaus in five volumes . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 2004. Page 4884
  3. ↑ The Brockhaus in five volumes . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 2004. Page 4885
  4. ↑ [1]
  5. ↑ Tagesschau.de: Tunisia strives for equality ( memento from January 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive )