Polyamines
Under polyamines usually be saturated , open-chain or cyclic organic compounds together, with terminal amino groups , interrupted by a variable number of secondary amino groups. Depending on the chain length, polyamines are colorless to yellowish in color and are either liquid or solid.
The systematic naming according to the IUPAC nomenclature is made with Aza .
Biogenic polyamines
Biogenic polyamines such as spermidine and spermine are small polycationic molecules. These can interact with ribonucleic acids and change their properties. It is believed that polyamines can to some extent stabilize supercoiled and folded DNA . The amount of polyamines in the cell seems to be stoichiometric with the amount of RNA . Furthermore, polyamines are mainly concentrated in the cell nucleus and in the ribosomes . To a certain extent, polyamines can replace K + and Mg 2+ ions. Polyamines could play an essential role in nucleic acid, protein synthesis and cell development. They can also activate some enzymes such as the serine / threonine protein kinase CK2. The rate-limiting step in polyamine synthesis is carried out by ornithine decarboxylase and adenosyl methionine decarboxylase . In cancer , the excretion rate of polyamines is significantly increased.
The polyamines 1,4-diaminobutane ( putrescine ) and 1,5-diaminopentane ( cadaverine ) are produced by decomposition processes through the breakdown of the amino acids ornithine and lysine, respectively . They were previously ascribed a corpse poison character and were called Ptomaine . In fact, these biogenic amines are hardly toxic.
use
Polyamines such as B. 1,2-diaminocyclohexane , 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane , diethylenetriamine , hexamethylenediamine , isophoronediamine , triethylenetetramine and trimethylhexamethylenediamine are used, among other things, as curing agents for epoxy resins and for the production of polyamides . Di- and triamines with primary amino groups are converted by reaction with phosgene into the corresponding di- and tri- isocyanates , which are used for the production of polyurethanes .
The polymeric polyamines include the polyethyleneimines and cationic flocculants that contain quaternary ammonium groups.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Entry on polyamines. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 13, 2014.
- ↑ Entry on Ptomaine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 13, 2014.
- ↑ Kittel: Textbook of lacquers and coatings , 2nd edition, Volume 2: Binder for solvent-based and solvent-free systems, Ed. Walter Krauß, s. Hirzel Verlag 1998, ISBN 3-7776-0886-6 .