Polyetheretherketone
Structural formula | |||||||
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Monomer unit from PEEK, a polyether ketone | |||||||
General | |||||||
Surname | Polyetheretherketone | ||||||
other names |
PEEK |
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CAS number | 29658-26-2 | ||||||
Monomer | 4-hydroxyphenyl (4-phenoxyphenyl) methanone | ||||||
Molecular formula of the repeating unit | C 19 H 12 O 3 | ||||||
Molar mass of the repeating unit | 288.30 g mol −1 | ||||||
Type of polymer |
Thermoplastic |
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properties | |||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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density |
approx. 1.32 g cm −3 |
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Thermal conductivity |
0.25 W m −1 K −1 |
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safety instructions | |||||||
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Polyether ether ketone (abbreviated as PEEK ) is a high temperature resistant thermoplastic plastic and belongs to the group of polyaryl ether ketones . Its melting temperature is 335 ° C.
synthesis
PEEK polymers are formed by alkylation of bisphenol salts. The reaction of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone with the hydroquinone salt is typical .
Chemical resistance
PEEK is resistant to almost all organic and inorganic chemicals, high-energy electromagnetic waves such as gamma and X-rays and, up to around 280 ° C, also to hydrolysis . However, it is not resistant to UV radiation in connection with atmospheric oxygen, concentrated nitric acid , generally acidic oxidizing conditions and to some halogenated hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons at higher temperatures. It dissolves completely in concentrated sulfuric acid even at room temperature.
Appearance
The natural color of PEEK is brown-gray-yellow to beige. Different colors of the plastic are available for use as an industrial material .
Applications
- Automotive industry
- Aviation and aerospace -Industrie
- Insulation material for power supply cables (5 kV) in crude oil production
- High voltage technology (as insulating material )
- Wafer carrier in semiconductor technology
- Medical technology (as it can be sterilized repeatedly, is biocompatible and radiolucent , in the composite material Dentanium as matrix)
- Pharmaceutical industry (in production systems for parts in contact with the product)
- Chemical industry (as soon as relatively high mechanical, thermal and chemical requirements are placed)
- food industry
- Tennis strings
- Core material for instrument strings
- increasingly as a flexible circuit carrier in electronics, foil
- UHV technology due to the very low outgassing rate (for plastics)
- Matrix material for chemical-resistant carbon composite plain bearings
- Dental implants and frameworks for dentures
- As a nozzle holder on FDM 3D printers
- Fiber (staple fiber, filament) with high abrasion resistance, low shrinkage tendency and moisture absorption as well as excellent chemical resistance even at higher temperatures
Victrex , headquartered in Lancashire (UK), is an important global manufacturer . After certain patents on the manufacturing process expired, Solvay and Evonik (formerly Degussa ) also set up production facilities for PEEK. Another manufacturer is the Indian Gharda Chemicals .
Processing options
PEEK melts at a temperature of 335 ° C, which is very high compared to most other thermoplastics, and can be molded in the liquid state using an injection molding process or an extruder. In the solid state, PEEK can be machined, turned or drilled with a milling cutter . In addition, there is the possibility, which has not been used commercially so far, of converting granular PEEK into filament and using this to print machine parts and objects using FFF technology; Granular PEEK can also be processed directly using the SLS process.
Special PEEK filament is available for the manufacture of class IIa medical devices (e.g. for dentures ).
Trade names
PEEK is sold under the following trade names:
- KetaSpire
- Gatone
- Vestakeep
- Victrex
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b entry at makeitfrom.com
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ^ David Parker, Jan Bussink, Hendrik T. van de Grampe, Gary W. Wheatley, Ernst-Ulrich Dorf, Edgar Ostlinning, Klaus Reinking: Polymers, High-Temperature. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2002, doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a21_449 .
- ↑ David Kemmish: Update on the Technology and Applications of PolyArylEtherKetones. Smithers Rapra Technology, 2010, ISBN 978-1-84735-408-2 .
- ↑ Walter Hell Erich Günther Harsch, Siegfried Haenle: Material Guide Plastics: properties, tests, parameters; with 56 ... Hanser Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-446-22559-5 , p. 158 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ UHV guideline for the European XFEL project
- ^ B. Siewert, M. Parra, A new class of materials in dentistry, PEEK as a framework material for 12-unit implant-supported bridges . Z Zahnärztl Implantol 2013; 29: 148–159. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ↑ Walter Loy: Chemical fibers for technical textile products. 2nd, fundamental revised and expanded edition. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-86641-197-5 , pp. 115/116
- ↑ 3dprint.com, PEEK being 3D-printed . In: 3dprint.com . March 21, 2015. Accessed March 26, 2015.
- ↑ EOS materials for additive manufacturing. Retrieved August 9, 2019 .
- ↑ indmatec.com: Indmatec GmbH makes PEEK filament available for the manufacture of medical products. Press release of January 26, 2016, accessed on January 28, 2016.
- ↑ Christian Bonten: Plastics Technology Introduction and Basics , Hanser Verlag, 2014.