Polytrimethylene terephthalate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Polytrimethylene terephthalate
other names	PTT
CAS number	26546-03-2; 26590-75-0;
Monomers	1,3-propanediol and terephthalic acid
Molecular formula of the repeating unit	C 11 H 10 O 4
Molar mass of the repeating unit	206.19 g mol −1
Type of polymer	Thermoplastic
Brief description	white solid
properties
Physical state	firmly
density	1.33-1.35 g cm -3 ; 1.432 g cm −3 (crystalline); 1.295 g cm −3 (amorphous);
Melting point	226-233 ° C
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances	no classification available
	no classification available
H and P phrases	H: see above
	P: see above
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Polytrimethylene terephthalate ( abbreviation : PTT ) is a thermoplastic material . It belongs to the polyesters and is chemically closely related to the plastics PET and PBT . It is particularly used for the production of fibers, for example for carpets or textiles.

history

PTT was first manufactured and patented along with a number of other aromatic polyesters in 1941 by John Rex Whinfield (1901–1966) and James Tennant Dickson.

At that time PTT was of no practical importance, but the fiber industry was already aware of the potential of the material. In the early 1970s, the first research into the economic potential of PTT was made. As a result, there was also increased research into the manufacture and use of PTT. In the late 1980s there was renewed interest in PTT after a new synthetic route for the starting material 1,3-propanediol was invented. Commercial production of PTT was announced in 1995 and began in 1998.

Since the industrial biochemical production of 1,3-propanediol around the year 2000, partially biogenic PPT (35% biogenic) has also been offered.

Extraction and presentation

Similar to the related plastics PET and PBT, there are two manufacturing options. On the one hand, 1,3-propanediol and terephthalic acid can be esterified directly in a polycondensation . On the other hand, the polymer can be produced by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with 1,3-propanediol. Catalysts such as titanium tetrabutanolate are used for the reaction . needed. Compared to PET production, a larger amount of catalyst and a lower temperature (250–275 ° C) are required.

Reaction scheme of the PTT production ...
	... through polycondensation.
	... through transesterification.

properties

PTT fibers have a dry tensile strength of 32 cN / tex, moisture absorption of 0.15% and a melting point of 228 ° C below those of standard PET fibers. They are elastic , dimensionally stable, gloss and color stable and have good resilience. They are also soft. In terms of the properties mentioned, they are comparable to nylon fibers and significantly better than PET fibers. Compared to nylon, they don't become statically charged as quickly.

use

Due to their good properties, spun PTT fibers are used in various textiles such as B. carpets, underwear, or floor mats in cars can be used as engineering plastic . Examples of this are plugs and housings in electrical or electronic applications or air exclusion ducts and trim parts in cars. It can also be used in resins, packaging, or as a replacement for PET or nylon. PTT is ascribed great potential, especially in the fiber sector.

Trade names

Sorona ( DuPont )
Corterra ( Shell )
PTT (RTP)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h George Wypych: Handbook of Polymers . Elsevier, 2016, ISBN 978-1-927885-11-6 , pp. 595–598 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
↑ Michael Thielen: Bioplastics. Fachagentur nachwachsende Rohstoffe eV (FNR), 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 .
↑ [1] . British Patent 578097 - Improvements relating to the Manufacturing of Highly Polymeric Substances. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
↑ [2] U.S. Patent 2,465,319 Polymeric Linear Terephthalic Esters. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Helmut Sattler & Michael Schweitzer: Fibers, 5. Polyester Fibers . In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of industrial chemistry . Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2011, p. 25-27 , doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.o10_o01 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Qiongdan Xie, Xilong Hu, Tengjiao Hu, Pan Xiao, Youyong Xu & Kenneth W. Leffew: Polytrimethylene Terephthalate: An Example of an Industrial Polymer Platform Development in China . In: Macromolecular Reaction Engineering . tape 9 , 2015, p. 401-408 , doi : 10.1002 / mren.201400070 .
↑ Walter Loy: Chemical fibers for technical textile products. 2nd, fundamental revised and expanded edition. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-86641-197-5 , p. 41
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Oliver Türk: Material use of renewable raw materials. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8348-1763-1 , p. 394.
↑ DuPont: Sorona® in the automobile interior. Retrieved September 19, 2019 .
↑ Sven Wydra, Bärbel Hüsing & Piret Kukk: Analysis of the need for action for the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) from the Lead Market Initiative (LMI) of the EU Commission for bio-based products outside the energy sector. (PDF) Fraunhofer ISI, 2010, accessed on September 18, 2019 .

[Wypych-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h George Wypych: Handbook of Polymers . Elsevier, 2016, ISBN 978-1-927885-11-6 , pp. 595–598 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[NV-2] This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[FNR-3] Michael Thielen: Bioplastics. Fachagentur nachwachsende Rohstoffe eV (FNR), 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 .

[4] [1] . British Patent 578097 - Improvements relating to the Manufacturing of Highly Polymeric Substances. Retrieved September 25, 2019.

[5] [2] U.S. Patent 2,465,319 Polymeric Linear Terephthalic Esters. Retrieved September 25, 2019.

[Sattler-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Helmut Sattler & Michael Schweitzer: Fibers, 5. Polyester Fibers . In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of industrial chemistry . Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2011, p. 25-27 , doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.o10_o01 .

[Xie-7] Qiongdan Xie, Xilong Hu, Tengjiao Hu, Pan Xiao, Youyong Xu & Kenneth W. Leffew: Polytrimethylene Terephthalate: An Example of an Industrial Polymer Platform Development in China . In: Macromolecular Reaction Engineering . tape 9 , 2015, p. 401-408 , doi : 10.1002 / mren.201400070 .

[8] Walter Loy: Chemical fibers for technical textile products. 2nd, fundamental revised and expanded edition. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-86641-197-5 , p. 41

[Türk-9] Oliver Türk: Material use of renewable raw materials. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8348-1763-1 , p. 394.

[DuPont-10] DuPont: Sorona® in the automobile interior. Retrieved September 19, 2019 .

[Fraunhofer-11] Sven Wydra, Bärbel Hüsing & Piret Kukk: Analysis of the need for action for the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) from the Lead Market Initiative (LMI) of the EU Commission for bio-based products outside the energy sector. (PDF) Fraunhofer ISI, 2010, accessed on September 18, 2019 .