Proboscidea parviflora

Proboscidea parviflora
	Proboscidea parviflora in flower.
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Chamois horn family (Martyniaceae)
Genre :	Proboscidea
Type :	Proboscidea parviflora
Scientific name
	Proboscidea parviflora
	( Wooton ) Wooton & Standl.

Horned capsules and seeds of Proboscidea parviflora

Proboscidea parviflora is a species of the genus Proboscidea in the chamois horn family( Martyniaceae ). She comes from the new world .

description

Habitus

Proboscidea parviflora lives as an annual plant that arises from a strong beet root . The stem grows prostrate to upright.

Vegetative characteristics

The whorled to opposite arranged leaves sit on stems up to 35 cm long. The blade is broadly triangular-ovate to rounded-ovoid. The tip of the leaf is pointed to blunt and rounded to blunt. The leaf base is heart-shaped and equilateral to unequal. The leaf margins are whole and 3- to 7-lobed and sometimes serrate.

Generative characteristics

The very long-stalked inflorescences are few-flowered and as long as the foliage or many-flowered and longer than the foliage. The bracts are obovate to lanceolate in shape. The flowers with bracts appear at 5-50 per inflorescence. The flower stalks are 1.5–9 cm long during flowering. The calyx is 1–1.5 cm long; the sepals are free-standing to about half or less in length. The corolla is up to 2.5–4 cm long; the corolla-tube is reddish-purple, pink or white and in the throat with a pale yellow spot that extends along the lower part of the throat to the outside to the lower end of the lobes; as well as partly colored dots ( juice marks ). The corolla lobes are the same color as the tube, but the upper lobes are often decorated with a single large, purple or reddish-purple blotch. The upper and side lobes are wide spreading or curved back.

The fruits are beaked with sloping meso-exocarp. The woody capsule body is 5–10 cm long, the endocarp is black or gray, elliptical in shape and more or less keeled abaxially . The curved horns are one to three and a half times as long as the body. The seeds are black or white, up to 9 mm long, 4–6 mm wide, and ovate.

distribution

Proboscidea parviflora is native to the southern states of the USA , especially California , New Mexico , Louisiana and Florida , it is also found in Mexico . The subspecies Prob. parviflora ssp. sinaloensis only grows in the Mexican state of Sinaloa along the west coast.

Systematics

The species was first described as Martynia parviflora by the American botanist Elmer Otis Wooton around 1898 . In 1915 Wooton and Paul Carpenter Standley put the species in the genus Proboscidea .

Of all the Proboscidea species, it has the most subspecies and varieties .

Proboscidea parviflora (Wooton) Wooton & Standl. ; Devil's Claw, Espuela del Diablo, Aguaro, Aguaro sin camote, Las cinco llagas, Toloache, Cuernos; Syn .: Martynia parviflora Wooton .

There are 3 subspecies:

- Proboscidea parviflora subsp. parviflora with the 2 varieties:
  - Proboscidea parviflora var. Parviflora ; Northern Mexico, Southwest United States.
  - Proboscidea parviflora var. Hohokamiana Bretting : Southwestern USA.
- Proboscidea parviflora subsp. gracillima (Hevly) Bretting : Northwest Mexico ( Baja California ).
- Proboscidea parviflora subsp. sinaloensis (Van Eselt.) Bretting : Northwest Mexico.

use

Proboscidea parviflora is used as useful and medicinal plants , especially in the southern United States . Indian peoples such as the Navajo , Pima , Havasupai and also the Zuñi have been cultivating this species on specially planted fields for centuries. A special cultivar ( Proboscidea parviflora var. Hohokamiana , after the Hohokam culture ) could also produce young fruits with a double tip, but this selection went out of fashion because the Indians believed that double-horned fruits would lead to increased twin births in women.

literature

Raul Gutierrez: A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). Dissertation, Arizona State Univ., December 2011, online (PDF; 41.7 MB), at ASU Digital Repository.
Daniel E. Moerman: Native American medicinal plants: an ethnobotanical dictionary. Timber Press, Portland (Oregon) 2009, ISBN 978-1-60469-035-4 .

Web links

Commons : Proboscidea parviflora - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Proboscidea parviflora from SEINet, accessed on October 5, 2018.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Raul Gutierrez: A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). Pp. 178 f, 198, 200 ff.
^ Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. , Volume 25, p. 453, New York 1898 online PDF
^ Contributions from the United States National Herbarium , Volume 19, S 602, Washington 1915 online PDF
^ Daniel E. Moerman: Native American medicinal plants: an ethnobotanical dictionary. Pp. 384-386, 617 f.

[RGP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Raul Gutierrez: A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). Pp. 178 f, 198, 200 ff.

[2] Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. , Volume 25, p. 453, New York 1898 online PDF

[3] Contributions from the United States National Herbarium , Volume 19, S 602, Washington 1915 online PDF

[4] Daniel E. Moerman: Native American medicinal plants: an ethnobotanical dictionary. Pp. 384-386, 617 f.