Promazine
Structural formula | |||||||||||||
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Non-proprietary name | Promazine | ||||||||||||
other names |
N , N -dimethyl-3- (10 H -phenothiazin-10-yl) propan-1-amine |
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Molecular formula | C 17 H 20 N 2 S | ||||||||||||
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Drug information | |||||||||||||
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properties | |||||||||||||
Molar mass | 284.42 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
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boiling point |
203-210 ° C (40 Pa ) |
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pK s value |
9.4 |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Promazine is a heterocyclic , aromatic compound from the group of thiazines and the basic substance of Promazine . It is a weakly potent, classic neuroleptic from the group of phenothiazines . It was patented by Rhône-Poulenc in 1950 . As a medicinal substance , it was previously marketed in Germany under the names Protactyl and Sinophenin . It is one of the oldest drugs used to treat schizophrenia , but has been largely supplanted by newer drugs.
indication
Psychotic states. Manic phase in bipolar disorder . Psychomotor restlessness and tension, e.g. B. during alcohol withdrawal. Specific forms of nausea and nausea where first-line drugs are contraindicated or do not produce the expected effect.
Mechanism of action
Like all phenothiazines, promazine blocks a whole range of receptors for neurotransmitters , such as D 2 -, α 1 -, 5-HT 2 -, H 1 - and M 1 receptors, causing an antipsychotic , sedative , anti- adrenergic , antihistaminic , anticholinergic , ganglion-blocking , antiemetic and local anesthetic effects can arise. Promazin also acts as a FIASMA (functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase ).
unwanted effects
As with all classic neuroleptics, extrapyramidal motor effects can occur during treatment with promazine .
Daytime sleepiness, dry mouth and blood pressure fluctuations as well as micturition disorders , constipation and tachycardia often occur . These undesirable effects ( side effects ) disappear in the course of treatment with Promazine or can be reduced by reducing the dose .
Haematopoiesis , cholestasis , endocrine disorders, eczema and photosensitization are less common, and seizures or glaucoma formation have also been observed in individual cases . Also dyskinesia after prolonged treatment and tardive dyskinesia can occur.
A neuroleptic malignant syndrome with fever , muscle stiffness and decreased consciousness develop very rarely .
Long-term treatment and / or high doses of promazine can cause deposits in the cornea and lens of the eye .
Trade names
Prazine (CH), Protactyl (D, there are no longer any promazine preparations in Germany and Austria). Is still prescribed by doctors in Switzerland (Promazine HCI).
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag. Leipzig 1965, p. 1135.
- ↑ a b c d e f Entry on Promazin. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on July 25, 2019.
- ↑ a b Data sheet Promazine hydrochloride from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 14, 2017 ( PDF ).
- ↑ compendium.ch , see under Prazine®.
- ↑ Kornhuber J, Muehlbacher M, Trapp S, Pechmann S, Friedl A, Reichel M, Mühle C, Terfloth L, Groemer T, Spitzer G, Liedl K, Gulbins E, Tripal P: Identification of novel functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase . In: PLoS ONE . 6, No. 8, 2011, p. E23852. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0023852 .
- ↑ Walter Schunack: Medicines. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-83553-6 , p. 139 ( limited preview in the Google book search).