Provveditore

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Provveditore (from Italian provvedere to provide for, to arrange) is the title of some Italian administrative officials who have or had very different functions. The office in which the Provveditor works is called the Provveditorato . While only a few officials still bear this title in Italy today, it has historically been much more widespread. In the Republic of Venice in particular there was an abundance of offices that were provided by a Provveditore.

Modern administration of Italy

In the public service today, the title Provveditore bear:

  • the Provveditori agli studi : Heads of the school office or provincial school councils who are subordinate to the Ministry of Education,
  • die Provveditori alle opere pubbliche : decentralized inspectors for public works subordinate to the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport,
  • die Provveditori dell'amministrazione penitenziaria : heads of regional penitentiary departments subordinate to the Ministry of Justice .

The head of the authority Provveditorato generale dello Stato e uffici analoghi , which is part of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance , does not have the official title of Provveditore .

Republic of Venice

In the administrative apparatus of the Venetian Republic there were numerous higher civil and military offices which were provided by Provveditori. They emerged successively from the 13th to the 16th century. These offices were awarded by the Grand Council and always limited to three to five years. Their owners were accountable to higher authorities. For the Venetian Nobilhòmini , the position as Provveditore was an important step in the career, in which one could recommend oneself for higher positions. Some positions as Provveditore were also given to citizens (cittadini) . They were among the highest positions they could achieve in the administration of the republic.

Provveditore generale

For some high offices there was the title of Provveditore generale. These were the governors general of the provinces of Dalmatia (since the 15th century) and Morea (1688-1715) and as the most important of the Provveditore Generale da Mar . The latter was stationed in Corfu . He was Vice-Commander and Chief Financial Officer of the fleet and Governor General of the Ionian Islands and the Aegean Sea .

Occasionally the governor of the province of Friuli, usually called Luogotenente , also carried the title Provveditore generale , and shortly before the end of the republic in 1796 a governor-general of the Terra Ferma was appointed with this official title.

Directory of Provveditori

The Provveditori can be assigned to the following areas according to their official duties:

1. Maintenance and supply of the fleet and other military facilities

  • Provveditori all'Armar : preparation and maintenance of the galleys and registration of the crew.
  • Provveditori all'Arsenal : Three officials and administrators of the Venetian arsenal . Responsible for order and discipline in the arsenal .
  • Provveditori alle Artiglierie : supply and maintenance of artillery .
  • Provveditori alle Fortezze or Magistrato alle Fortezze . Supervision of the fortresses.

2. Public finances and control of banks

  • Provveditori ai Monti in Zecca : three officials, since 1517 responsible for the semi-public banks Monte Vecchio , Monte Nuovo and Monte Novissimo .
  • Provveditori sopra Banchi : three officials responsible for overseeing the business activities of the banks since 1524.
  • Provveditori sopra Camere : Three officials, elected for 16 months, supported the Ufficio di ragione in checking the individual chambers of the Terraferma. They could also forcibly collect taxes. From 1574 support of the Magistrato dei Beni Inculti with the program of soil improvement and the extraction of new land through irrigation and drainage work.
  • Provveditori sopra Conti or Magistrato sopra conti . Audit of the accounts of the local Terraferma tax officers.
  • Provveditori sopra Denari : Three officials, from 1571 checked the solvency of the state.
  • Provveditori sopra Dazii : Three officials responsible for customs revenue from 1500.
  • Provveditori sopra Officii : Three officials responsible for preventing waste in public administration and checking accounts since 1481.
  • Provveditori sopra Ori e Argenti : Responsible for the control of the silver rate in the 17th century.
  • Provveditori sopra Ori e Monete in Zecca : two officials from 1551 and three from 1582, chosen from the Council of Ten to control the quality and price of gold or gold coins.
  • Provveditori sopra la Zecca : Three officials responsible for the administration of the Mint of Venice since 1552 .

3. Monopolies and city supply

  • Provveditori al Sal or Salinieri del Mare : Four officials responsible for the state's monopoly on salt production and trade.
  • Provveditori alle Beccherie : Two officials responsible for supplying meat to the city of Venice.
  • Provveditori alla Legna e ai Boschi or Magistrato alla Legna e ai Boschi . Administrative officer for firewood and forest.
  • Provveditori sopra Olii : Three officials, from 1531 responsible for controlling prices and oil deliveries to the city.

4. Poor relief and health care

  • Provveditori sopra i Beni Comunali : Three officials responsible for the possessions of the medieval community since 1564.
  • Provveditori sopra Ospitali e Luoghi Pii , part of the Magistrato agli Ospitali : Watched over the financing and management activities of welfare institutions since 1561.
  • Provveditori sopra la Sanità or Magistrato alla Sanità : three officials from 1485 and five from 1536, responsible for health care . In addition to the supervision of the entire food trade and water supply, waste disposal and medical staff, the supervision of the “accommodation of strangers”, the “beggars and hospitals”, the “prostitutes and matchmakers” and finally the Jews fell within their competence.

5. Infrastructure and land maintenance

  • Provveditori di Comun : Three officials responsible for maintaining the roads and bridges of the city of Venice and smooth commercial activities since 1277.
  • Provveditori sopra l'Adige : Three officials responsible for navigation on the Adige since 1586 .
  • Provveditori ai Beni Incolti : Three officials took care of 1545 to the amelioration of land ownership on the Terraferma .
  • Provveditori al Bosco del Montello : three officials who have been responsible for the forest management of the Treviso Province since 1587 .
  • Provveditori al Bosco di Montona or Deputati al Bosco di Montona : Two officials responsible for the conservation of the important forests of Montona from 1628 .

6. Church supervision

  • Provveditori sopra i Monasteri : Supervisors for the monasteries, checking for misconduct against public morality. The office was part of the Magistrato ai Monasteri .

7. Justice and Police

  • Provveditori alle Pompe : Since 1472 three officials in charge of dressing codes and limiting excessive luxury .
  • Provveditori sopra Feudi : three officials since 1587, five from 1616; responsible for all legal questions related to fiefdoms .
  • Provveditori sopra la Giustizia Vecchia : Two officials, from 1565 responsible for overseeing the Lower Court.

8. Provincial Governors

In some authorities there was a second instance to support the Provveditori - the Sopraprovveditori . Among others, the following were appointed: Sopraprovveditori all'Arsenal , Sopraprovveditori alla Legna e ai Boschi , Sopraprovvesitori alle Pompe and Sopraprovveditori sopra la Sanità .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b ASTAT, Classification of Occupations , p. 40
  2. ^ Giovanni Correr, Giovanni Correr, Venezia e le sue lagune , p. 62
  3. ↑ Giovanni Correr, Giovanni Correr, Venezia e le sue lagune , pp. 62–63
  4. ^ A b Giovanni Correr, Giovanni Correr, Venezia e le sue lagune , p. 63
  5. ↑ a b Gerhard Schober, Republic of Venice - the Terraferma and its administration , p. 472
  6. ^ Gerhard Schober, Republic of Venice - the Terraferma and its administration , p. 476
  7. ^ Norbert Huse, Wolfgang Wolters, Venice. The art of the Renaissance: architecture, sculpture, painting 1460–1590 , p. 60
  8. ^ Pest - epidemic history
  9. ^ Wolfgang Pfaller, Patent Law of Venice
  10. ↑ Klaus Zimmermanns, Venetia: the cities and villas of the Terraferma
  11. ^ Giovanni Correr, Giovanni Correr, Venezia e le sue lagune , pp. 63–64
  12. ^ Heinrich Kretschmayr, History of Venice , p. 145
  13. ↑ Cecilie Hollberg, German in Venice in the late Middle Ages , p. 189
  14. ^ Anne Goldgar, Robert I. Frost, Institutional culture in early modern society , p. 299