Psammetich II.

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Name of Psammetich II.
Horus name
G5
mn
n 		x
t 		U22
F34 		Z1
Srxtail2.svg
Menech-ib
Mnḫ-jb
With an excellent heart
Throne name
M23
X1 		L2
X1
Hiero Ca1.svg
ra nfr ib
Hiero Ca2.svg
Nefer-ib-Re
Nfr-jb-Rˁ
With a perfect heart, a Re
Proper name
Hiero Ca1.svg
p
z 		m T
k
Hiero Ca2.svg
Psammetich
Psmt [j] k
Greek
for Manetho 		Psammouthis, Psammetichos II.

Psammetich II. , Greek Psammetichos , († February 9, 589 BC ) was an Egyptian pharaoh (reign: 595–9 February 589 BC). He was the third Pharaoh of the 26th Dynasty (Saïten Dynasty) and the son of Pharaoh Necho II.

Domination

Although he had a rather short reign at the age of six, he left many traces scattered all over Egypt in the form of monuments. Characteristic of his rule was the military strengthening of Egypt through the expansion of the army and the deep sea fleet . His wife and mother of the heir to the throne was Tachuit .

Foreign policy

592 BC He led a campaign against Nubia , where he advanced to the 3rd cataract of the Nile. His army consisted largely of Greek mercenaries, who were led by a general named Potasimto . The local soldiers were commanded by Amasis . This campaign is one of the first preventive strikes in the history of the war, the aim of which was to weaken Nubia so much that it would no longer be able to attack Egypt. Psammetich II achieved this goal by looting and destroying Nubian cities. At the same time he had all the names of pharaohs of the Nubian 25th dynasty, as well as the name of his father Necho II, erased in his sphere of influence (see Damnatio memoriae ). The southern border of the Egyptian empire was established under Psammetich II on the 1st cataract.

Importance of Foreign Policy

The older view, represented by Friedrich Karl Kienitz , says that Psammetich II was striving for a compromise with the Neo-Babylonian Empire . This is supported by the fact that he was born in 591 BC. Made a trip to Palestine and Phenicia . Since a large number of priests were involved, this was apparently a pilgrimage . Kienitz sees the purpose of this trip as improving relations with the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

Thomas Schneider and others suspect, however, that Psammetich used the above-mentioned trip to induce the Judean king to revolt against the Babylonians. His foreign policy could then be described as expansionist and comparable to that of his successor Apries . This argument is based primarily on the fact that the Neo-Babylonian Empire was threatened by the Lydian-Median war that did not begin until 585 BC. Could be ended.

Death and succession

Psammetich II died in his 6th year of reign on 23 Achet I (February 9th July ) 589 BC From an illness. He was succeeded by his son Apries.

literature

  • Leo Depuydt : Saite and Persian Egypt, 664 BC-332 BC (Dyns. 26-31, Psammetichus I to Alexander's Conquest of Egypt). In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 265-283 ( online ).
  • Sir Alan H. Gardiner: History of Ancient Egypt. Weltbild, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-89350-723-X
  • Hans Goedicke : The Campaign of Psammetics II against Nubia. In: Communications of the German Archaeological Institute, Department Kairo 37, Zabern, Mainz 1981, pp. 187–198
  • Roberto Gozzoli: Psammetichus II, Reign, Documents and Officials , London 2017, ISBN 978-1-906137-41-0
  • Herodotus, trans. v. Josef Felix: Histories . Artemis, Zurich 2004, ISBN 3-7608-4111-2
  • Karl Jansen-Winkeln : On the monuments of the educator Psametiks II. In: Communications of the German Archaeological Institute, Department Kairo 52, Zabern, Mainz 1996, ISBN 3-8053-1861-8 , pp. 187-199.
  • Ahmed Kadry: Remains of a Kiosk of Psammetikhos II on Philae Island. In: Communications of the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department (MDAIK) 36, Zabern, Mainz 1980, pp. 293–297
  • Friedrich Karl Kienitz : The political history of Egypt from the 7th to the 4th century before the turn of the times. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1953, license no. 202 * 100/29/52
  • Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the New Kingdom to the Late Period. Marix, Wiesbaden 2018, ISBN 978-3-7374-1057-1 , pp. 218-223.
  • Diana Alexandra Pressl: Officials and soldiers: the administration in the 26th dynasty in Egypt (664-525 BC). Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. M. 1998, ISBN 3-631-32586-X
  • Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , pp. 201-202.

Web links

Commons : Psammetich II.  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Roberto Gozzoli: Psammetichus II, Reign, Documents and Officials , London 2017, ISBN 978-1-906137-41-0 , p. 18 (the father-son relationship is mentioned in Herodotus and on a contemporary statue of an official)
  2. ^ Roberto Gozzoli: Psammetichus II, Reign, Documents and Officials , London 2017, ISBN 978-1-906137-41-0 , pp. 20-22
  3. ↑ Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischengypt , 1997, p. 86.
predecessor Office successor
Necho II. Pharaoh of Egypt
26th Dynasty 		Apries
personal data
SURNAME Psammetich II.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nefer-ib-Rê; Psammetichos
BRIEF DESCRIPTION egyptian pharaoh (king)
DATE OF BIRTH 7th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH February 9, 589 BC Chr.