Pseudotolithus elongatus

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Pseudotolithus elongatus
Systematics
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
incertae sedis
Family : Umberfish (Sciaenidae)
Genre : Pseudotolithus
Type : Pseudotolithus elongatus
Scientific name
Pseudotolithus elongatus
( Bowdich , 1825)

Pseudotolithus elongatus ( English Bobo Croaker ; French Otolithe Bobo ; Spanish Corvina Bobo ) is a species of fish of the genus Pseudotolithus in the Umberfish family(Sciaenidae).

The distribution area of Pseudotolithus elongatus is the eastern Atlantic, the African west coast from Senegal to southern Angola .

features

Pseudotolithus elongatus usually reaches a length of 30 cm TL , a maximum of 47 cm TL is given. The body is elongated, spindle-shaped, laterally flattened and covered with comb scales (ctenoid scales), while there are round scales (cycloid scales) on the head and chest. The head with the rather large eyes is short with a short snout. The lower to terminal, sloping mouth is large, the upper jaw extends to the rear edge of the eye. Both jaws are densely covered with thin, elongated (villiform) teeth. The edge of the front cover is jagged. at an angle with a couple of strong spines. The gill spines are long and thin, longer than the gill filaments in the angle of the first gill arch . There are no barbels , but there are six more pores on the chin and five more pores on the muzzle. The lateral lines extend to the caudal fin. The dorsal fin is long, the second hard ray of the anal fin is very strong and about as long as the first soft ray, the caudal fin is more or less pointed.

The back is olive brown, the sides silver with rows of dark spots. The light belly is yellowish during the breeding season. The tips of the hard-rayed part of the dorsal fin are dark, on the soft-rayed part, dark spots form two or three longitudinal rows. Otherwise, the fins, except for the yellowish ventral and anal fins, are grayish.

Habitat and way of life

As a rule, the species occurs to a depth of 50 m, in the rainy season Pseudotolithus elongatus moves to spawn in the open sea down to 100 m depth. The area near the banks with sandy or muddy soil as well as river mouths and bays is inhabited . The diet consists of worms, fish and small crustaceans .

Little is known about the time to sexual maturity and life expectancy; given the maximum size, 30 cm long animals seem to live less than three years. The rate of reproduction is high.

use

Pseudotolithus elongatus is an important food fish . The fish is marketed fresh, as salted dried fish or smoked. The species is caught with bottom trawls , set nets , purse seine nets or line fishing. The catch reported to the FAO for 1999 was 6679 t, the countries with the largest catch were Guinea with 2142 t and Cameroon with 1900 t.

Danger

Pseudotolithus elongatus is the fourth most common umber fish in its range, and based on surveys by the NORAD ( Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation ) research vessel Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, estimated less than five percent. These surveys from 1999 to 2006 showed a 37% decrease in the mixed Sciaeniden live mass, and the fishing effort increased significantly due to the decrease in catches. In Nigeria , for example, the umberfish are important edible fish, accounting for around 40% of the landings on Nigeria's coast.

The IUCN classifies the species as not endangered (LV, Least Concern), as the average catch depth is 25 to 75 m and is thus above the spawning depth. Due to the increasing fishing effort, especially if the fishing depth reaches 100 m, the species should be carefully monitored and, if necessary, reassessed.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Pseudotolithus elongatus on Fishbase.org (English)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Pseudotolithus elongatus Species Fact Sheets at FAO ( Online )
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Pseudotolithus elongatus in the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN 2016-3. Posted by: F. Nunoo, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2017.

Web links