Psilochilus

Psilochilus
	Psilochilus modestus
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Triphoreae
Genre :	Psilochilus
Scientific name
	Psilochilus
	Barb.Rodr.

The genus psilochilus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae) consists of 19 species . They occur in tropical America.

description

The Psilochilus species are herbaceous plants with a creeping rhizome . The thick, fleshy roots arise at the nodes along the rhizome, they are hairy. The reddish shoot is upright or ascending, leafed at intervals. The leaves are fleshy, stalked or loosely encompassing the stem with the leaf base. The leaf blade is oval to inverted-lanceolate, green on top with occasional lighter markings, reddish on the underside. The leaves are pleated along the veins.

The specimens in a population often bloom at exactly the same time. The single flower lasts about four days, the flowers of an inflorescence bloom one after the other. The little-flowered inflorescence is terminal, with a very short peduncle. The bracts are two-lined on the stem. The ovary is cylindrical. The sepals are free, only slightly gaping, quite thin in texture, keeled along the midrib. The dorsal sepal is narrow, concave to almost hood-shaped. The lateral sepals are asymmetrical and curved slightly sickle-shaped. The petals are free. The lip is free with a clear, linear, curved nail, the blade is three-lobed. There are one to three calluses on the blade, the front edge can be wavy. The column is slender, curved, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal, with distinct eared wings at the top. The scar consists of an area. A rostellum is missing. The stamen is terminal, it has a very short stalk. The four pollinia are powdery-grainy in consistency. The seeds are light brown and spindle-shaped.

distribution

The species of the genus Psilochilus are common in tropical South and Central America. In the north the area extends to Mexico and the Caribbean, in the south to Peru and in the south of Brazil. Mostly moist forests are populated up to altitudes of 3500 meters.

Systematics and botanical history

The genus Psilochilus was established in 1882 by João Barbosa Rodrigues . Type species is Psilochilus modestus . The name Psilochilus is made up of the Greek words ψιλός psilos , "naked", and χεῖλος cheilos , "lip"; it refers to the hairless lip of the type species.

The assignment to the tribe Triphoreae comes from Dressler. He gave the genera Monophyllorchis and Triphora as closest relatives . This classification was also confirmed by more recent DNA studies, the relationships within the Triphoreae are as follows:

	Psilochilus

	Triphora

Monophyllorchis

There are 19 valid species known:

Psilochilus alicjae Kolan. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Brazil.
Psilochilus antioquiensis Kolan. : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Colombia.
Psilochilus carinatus Garay : It occurs from Costa Rica to Colombia.
Psilochilus dressleri Kolan. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Panama.
Psilochilus dusenianus Kraenzl. ex Garay & Dunst. : It occurs from Venezuela to Guyana and in southern Brazil.
Psilochilus francoae Szlach. & Baranow : The species first described in 2016 occurs in Colombia.
Psilochilus hatschbachii Kolan. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Brazil.
Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames : It occurs in three varieties from Mexico to Guyana and Peru and on islands in the Caribbean.
Psilochilus maderoi (Schltr.) Schltr. : It occurs in western Colombia.
Psilochilus minutifolius Kolan. : The species first described in 2015 occurs in Panama.
Psilochilus modestus Barb. Rodr. : It occurs in Jamaica, from Colombia to Venezuela and from Brazil to Bolivia.
Psilochilus mollis Garay : It occurs in Ecuador.
Psilochilus panamensis Kolan. : It occurs in Panama.
Psilochilus physurifolius (Rchb.f.) Løjtnant : It occurs from Costa Rica to Panama, from Venezuela to Guiana and on Grenada .
Psilochilus sanderianus Kolan. : The species first described in 2014 appears in Brazil.
Psilochilus steyermarkii Kolan. : The species first described in 2015 occurs in Venezuela.
Psilochilus szlachetkoanus Kolan. : The species first described in 2016 occurs in Mexico and Costa Rica.
Psilochilus tuerckheimii Kolan. & Szlach. : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Guatemala.
Psilochilus vallecaucanus Kolan. & Szlach .: The species first described in 2012 occurs in west-southwestern Colombia.

literature

Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 , p. 47-48 .
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (Part one) . 2nd Edition. tape 4 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-850712-7 .

Individual evidence

↑ Leslie Garay: Psilochilus . In: Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . Pp. 47-48.
↑ Erik Paul Rothacker: Psilochilus . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 4, pp. 611-612.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Erik Paul Rothacker: The primitive Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae): phylogeny, character evolution and the systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae). (pdf) Ohio State University, 2007, accessed December 19, 2009 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Psilochilus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 19, 2018.
^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 104-105 .

Further information

List of orchid genera

Commons : Psilochilus - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[Garay1978-1] Leslie Garay: Psilochilus . In: Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . Pp. 47-48.

[Rothacker2005-2] Erik Paul Rothacker: Psilochilus . In: Genera Orchidacearum . Vol. 4, pp. 611-612.

[Rothacker2007-3] Erik Paul Rothacker: The primitive Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae): phylogeny, character evolution and the systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae). (pdf) Ohio State University, 2007, accessed December 19, 2009 .

[WCSP-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Psilochilus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 19, 2018.

[Dressler1993-5] Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 104-105 .