Monophyllorchis microstyloides

Monophyllorchis microstyloides
	Monophyllorchis microstyloides
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Triphoreae
Genre :	Monophyllorchis
Type :	Monophyllorchis microstyloides
Scientific name of the genus
	Monophyllorchis
	Schltr.
Scientific name of the species
	Monophyllorchis microstyloides
	( Rchb.f. ) Garay

Monophyllorchis microstyloides is a small orchid from Central and South America. It belongs to the genus Monophyllorchis , which is represented there with four species .

description

Monophyllorchis microstyloides is a perennial , herbaceous plant with obliquely upwardly growing rhizome . The pliable roots are fleshy and hairy. The stem axis is not hairy, slender, round in cross-section, reddish in color. The shoot usually has only one leaf , rarely two. Below the foliage leaf, the shoot is covered by tubular lower leaves. The leaves are not stalked, oval to almost round in outline, the base of the leaf is clearly heart-shaped, the leaf ends pointed at the front. The texture of the leaves is thin, they are puckered along the numerous leaf veins. The upper side of the leaf is dark green or reddish green, occasionally provided with white spots or stripes, the underside of the leaf is uniformly green.

The terminal inflorescence contains numerous light green to white flowers in a loose cluster . The peduncle is long and upright. The bracts stand out from the inflorescence axis, they are shorter than the ovary . This is stalked, club-shaped and clearly six-ribbed. Ovary as well as the whole flower are not hairy. Except for the lip, the petals are almost identical in shape and do not grow together. The petals are different than the sepals , significantly narrowed at their base. The lateral sepals and the petals are somewhat asymmetrical. The lip is oval in outline, narrowed at the base, three-lobed in the front quarter. The side lobes are only small, the middle lobes are roughly round and wavy at the front edge. The sides of the lip are turned up and somewhat encircle the column . This is slender, narrowing towards the front, does not protrude beyond the point of attachment on the ovary (without a foot), has thin wings on the sides, and has a longitudinal keel on the top. The scar consists of a U-shaped surface. The separating tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is triangular and ends blunt. The stamen is slightly bent down compared to the columnar axis, it hangs movably on a short, roughly square-shaped stamen, it does not fall off when the pollinia is removed . The stamen contains four red or pink pollinia in two pairs, their consistency is granular.

distribution

Monophyllorchis microstyloides has been found in Central America from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, in South America there are localities in Colombia and Ecuador.

Systematics and botanical history

The genus Monophyllorchis was put into the tribe Triphoreae by Dressler due to external similarities together with Psilochilus and Triphora . Recent genetic studies confirm this relationship. Within the subfamily Epidendroideae , this tribe represents a basal line.

Reichenbach first described the species as Pogonia microstyloides in 1886 . In 1920, Schlechter described the genus Monophyllorchis with the species Monophyllorchis colombiana , without, however, also placing Reichenbach's Pogonia microstyloides in the genus newly established by him. This was only done by Garay in 1962, he described a third species in this genus with Monophyllorchis maculata in 1978. The genus name is derived from the Greek μόνος monos for "alone, individually" and φύλλον phyllon for "leaf"; the species epithet refers to the similarity of the flowers with those of the genus Microstylis . Microstylis is considered a synonym for Malaxis .

Related species

Today four species belong to the genus Monophyllorchis :

Monophyllorchis chocoensis Szlach., S.Nowak & Baranow : It occurs in Colombia.
Monophyllorchis idroboi Szlach., S.Nowak & Baranow : It occurs in Colombia.
Monophyllorchis isthmica Kolan. : It occurs in Panama.
Monophyllorchis microstyloides (Rchb.f.) Garay : It occurs from Nicaragua to Ecuador.

literature

Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 , p. 43-45 .
Erik Paul Rothacker: Monophyllorchis . In: Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (Part one) . tape 4 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-850712-7 , pp. 611 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Monophyllorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 9, 2020.
^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 104-105 .
^ Erik Paul Rothacker: The Primitive Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae): Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae) . 2007 ( ohiolink.edu [PDF]).

Further information

Web links

Commons : Monophyllorchis microstyloides - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikispecies: Monophyllorchis microstyloides - Species directory

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Monophyllorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 9, 2020.

[Dressler1993-2] Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 104-105 .

[Rothacker2007-3] Erik Paul Rothacker: The Primitive Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae): Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae) . 2007 ( ohiolink.edu [PDF]).