Small-flowered single leaf

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Small-flowered single leaf
Small-flowered single leaf (Malaxis monophyllos)

Small-flowered single leaf ( Malaxis monophyllos )

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Malaxideae
Genre : Malaxis
Type : Small-flowered single leaf
Scientific name
Malaxis monophyllos
( L. ) Sw.

The Small-strip ( Malaxis monophyllos ) is a plant from the genus Malaxis within the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). The range includes the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere from North America and Eurasia to the Philippines.

Surname

Other German names are strip (in this case a likelihood of confusion), single-sheet soft Wurz or Einblattorchis , which as well as the kind of epithet monophyllos refer to the characteristic single leaf of the plant. Heinrich Marzell regards all German names of the inconspicuous orchid as book names . The generic name Malaxis 'softening' comes from the Greek with a not exactly explained naming motivation; presumably the name initially referred to Hammarbya paludosa , which has only weakly developed roots (Exactly).

description

Illustration from images of the basic forms of orchid species occurring in Germany and the neighboring areas , panel 04
Section of an inflorescence with zygomorphic flowers
Capsule fruit

Vegetative characteristics

The small-flowered single leaf is an inconspicuous perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 35 centimeters. The tuber ( pseudobulb ) is flat and greenish. Characteristic is a single, sometimes two basal leaves surrounding the stem . The simple, parallel-veined leaf blade is egg-shaped with a length of 4 to 9 centimeters and a width of 2 to 5 centimeters.

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Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to July. The relatively long, spiked inflorescence contains many loosely arranged flowers. The relatively small, greenish flowers are zygomorphic and threefold.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = approx. 30.

ecology

The small-leaved single-leaf is a fragile-looking plant that is dependent on high humidity and shade all year round. It therefore grows preferentially in moss cushions from Hylocomium splendens or in fern rhizomes from Asplenium viride , which have a high water storage capacity .

The pollination of Malaxis monophyllos done by fungus gnats . The pollinia are leaf-like; there are two pollinia superimposed in the anther. They are connected with a drop of adhesive fluid and are attached to the pollinator under the chin.

Occurrence

The distribution area of Malaxis monophyllos includes the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere of North America and Eurasia to the Philippines. It is the only European species in the genus Malaxis .

The Small-strip usually thrives in damp locations such as wet deciduous forests , wet meadows , fens and lime flat moors . It thrives in quelligen, shady, mossy slopes on sickerfeuchten, nutrient-rich and base-rich, mild to moderate acidic, humus-rich, loose, rocky or gravelly loam soils . It often occurs on rocks covered in moss or in humus gravel floodplains and grows in plant communities of the Alno-Ulmion association. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises to an altitude of up to 2000 meters on the Schrecksee . According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 40–1800 meters, France 1–1600 meters, Switzerland 700–1610 meters, Liechtenstein 1020–1570 meters, Austria 500–1800 meters, Italy 740–1900 meters, Slovenia 250–1600 meters. In Europe the species rises up to 1900 meters, in the Himalayas up to 3060 meters above sea level.

Malaxis monophyllos var. Bradypoda

Systematics

Malaxis is a genus of orchids that is cosmopolitan. About 165 species belong to it. A list of the recognized species can be found in R. Govaerts.

The first publication of the Kleinblütigen Einblatts took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Ophrys monophyllos by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , p. 947. The new combination to Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. was published by Olof Peter Swartz . Other synonyms for Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. are: Epipactis monophylla (L.) FWSchmidt , Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl. , Achroanthes monophyllos (L.) Greene .

There are three varieties:

  • Malaxis monophyllos var. Brachypoda (A.Gray) P.Morris & Eames : It is distributed in North America from Alaska to other states of the United States.
  • Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. monophyllos : It is widespread from the temperate areas of Eurasia to the Philippines and occurs in the Aleutian Islands , Haida Gwaii and the Queen Charlotte Islands .
  • Malaxis monophyllos var. Obtusa Tsukaya & H.Okada : It occurs only in Nepal .

literature

  • Working groups local orchids (ed.): The orchids of Germany. Working groups of domestic orchids, Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1 .
  • Heinrich Marzell: Dictionary of German plant names. Volume 3, Macleya – Ruta , Hirzel et al. a., Stuttgart / Wiesbaden 1977.
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 .
  • M. Natkevičaitė-Ivanauskienė et al .: Lietuvos TSR flora. Volume 2 (Typhaceae – Orchidaceae), Biologijos Institutas, Lietuvos TSR Mokslu Akademija, Vilnius 1963, DJVU file .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Malaxis - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on July 13, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 285-286.
  3. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 8 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Commelinidae part 2, Arecidae, Liliidae part 2): Juncaceae to Orchidaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3359-8 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 403.
  5. ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 428. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8

Web links

Commons : Kleinblütiges Einblatt ( Malaxis monophyllos )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files