Psychasthenia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
F48.8 Psychasthenia
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)
Pierre Janet (1859-1947)

Psychasthenia is a mental disorder that is currently classified as a (“other”) neurotic disorder (ICD-10 F48.8; ICD-9-CM 300.89).

The term was introduced by Pierre Janet in 1903 through a modification from " Neurasthenia ". Today it is an outdated term for low physical and psychological resilience (as a neurotic disorder), which, despite its ICD code, is rarely used in practice or has even been “forgotten”. Linguistically, it is from ancient Greek ψυχή psȳchḗ , breath, breath, life, life force, soul , mind, soul 'and ἀσθένεια astheneia , weakness, lack of energy, illness' (to ὰσθενὴς Asthenes composed, powerless, weak').

Janet's neurosis theory

In his account of the neuroses Janet presented the psychasthenia and hysteria - the two terms stood together with neurasthenia in the center of the discussion of the neuroses to the beginning of the 20th century - as a "major neuroses" each other and ordered obsessive-compulsive disorder ( obsessions ), phobias , feelings the imperfection, scrupulousness , shyness , as well as weak will / drive of psychasthenia.

Further developments

Carl Gustav Jung postulated a connection between psychasthenia and introversion in his personality theory . In the case of developing a neurosis, introverts should be prone to psychasthenia, while extraverts typically developed what Janet describes as the "opposite major neurosis " hysteria .

Hans Jürgen Eysenck, in turn, took up Jung's thoughts in his personality theory, which he underpinned with empirical-statistical investigations ( psychometry , factor analysis ). He replaced the expression "psychasthenia" with " dysthymia ". (“Dysthymia” subsequently acquired a different meaning than psychasthenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and in the ICD, namely as a depressive disorder.)

Via Emil Kraepelin's classification of psychiatric disorders based on the most objective characteristics possible, psychasthenia entered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory as a separate scale (abbreviation Pt ) . Despite the outdated underlying terminology, this is a psychological test procedure currently used in diagnostics and research , not only in the clinical range originally envisaged, but also in the normal range.

  • Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)

  • CG Jung (1875–1961)

  • Hans J. Eysenck (1916–1997) with his wife Sybil

See also

literature

  • Pierre Janet , (Volume 2 together with) Fulgence Raymond : Les obsessions et la psychasthénie. Alcan, Paris 1903, OCLC 14811139 (French, 2 volumes; 2nd edition 1908/1911, OCLC 800168791 ).
  • Henry F. Ellenberger : The discovery of the unconscious. History and development of dynamic psychiatry from its beginnings to Janet, Freud, Adler and Jung . Second, improved (paperback) edition reviewed by the author. Diogenes, Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-257-21343-3 , section Das Werk Janet – IV .: Die Erforschung der Neurosen , p. 511-515 (English: The Discovery of the Unconscious. The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry . New York 1970. Translated by Gudrun Theusner-Stampa).
  • Nicolas Hoffmann : Compulsions and Depression. Pierre Janet and behavior therapy . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1998, ISBN 978-3-642-64345-3 , Chapter 2: Psychasthenia , p. 23-163 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Dieter Wälte, Miriam Stein, Michael Zaudig: Neurasthenie . In: Michael Zaudig , Rolf Dieter Trautmann-Sponsel (ed.): Therapielexikon Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-25606-9 , pp. 500 ( limited preview in the Google book search): "Janet (1903) separated the → hysteria from the broad neurasthenia concept and summarized some of the phobic or compulsive symptoms associated with the original clinical picture to form the concept of 'psychasthenia'."
  2. ↑ a b Michael Zaudig : Development of the hysteria concept and diagnostics in ICD and DSM up to DSM-5 . In: Regine Scherer-Renner, Thomas Bronisch, Serge KD Sulz (Ed.): Hysterie. Understanding and psychotherapy of hysterical dissociations and conversions and of histrionic personality disorder (=  Psychotherapy . Volume 20 , issue 1). CIP-Medien, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-86294-028-8 , pp. 29 : “He gave up the word 'neurasthenia' because it was based on a neurophysiological theory for which he believed there was no evidence. [...] The psychasthenia is defined similarly to the neurasthenia by Beard (1881). "
  3. ^ A b Henry F. Ellenberger : The discovery of the unconscious. History and development of dynamic psychiatry from its beginnings to Janet, Freud, Adler and Jung . Second, improved (paperback) edition reviewed by the author. Diogenes, Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-257-21343-3 , section Das Werk Janet – IV .: Die Erforschung der Neurosen , p. 511 (English: The Discovery of the Unconscious. The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry . New York 1970. Translated by Gudrun Theusner-Stampa): "Janet gave up the word" neurasthenia ", which was based on a neurophysiological theory for which it there was no evidence. He coined the term "psychasthenia" for a group of neuroses, which he included obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias and various other neurotic manifestations. "
  4. ↑ Jürgen Margraf , Wolfgang Maier (Ed.): Pschyrembel Psychiatrie, Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy . 2nd, revised edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-026258-2 , entry psychasthenia , p. 700 .
  5. ^ Gerhardt Nissen : Cultural history of mental disorders in children and adolescents . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-608-94104-3 , p. 283 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ a b Heinz Schott , Rainer Tölle : History of Psychiatry. Disease teachings, wrong turns, forms of treatment . CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-53555-0 , pp. 574 , note 379 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ^ A b Hans-Peter Haack: Depressive core symptoms. Up-to-date on the term depression . WFB Publishing Group, Bad Schwartau 2012, ISBN 978-3-86672-065-7 , p. 58 ( full text at DNB [PDF; 2.5 MB ]): "The diagnosis is no longer used in psychiatric terminology because of its blurred outline."
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Pfeifer : Etymological dictionary , quoted from Psyche. In: Digital dictionary of the German language . Accessed January 31, 2020
  9. ^ Joh. Friedrich Jacob Reichenbach's general Greek-German and German-Greek concise dictionary for school use . tape 2 : . M. John Jacob Friedrich Reichenbach's general German-Greek Concise Dictionary of the school Gebrauche: A-Z . Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1818, entry powerlessness , p. 216 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ↑ asthenia. In: Wahrig's dictionary of origin. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  11. ↑ asthenia. In: Duden online . Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  12. ^ A b Henry F. Ellenberger : The discovery of the unconscious. History and development of dynamic psychiatry from its beginnings to Janet, Freud, Adler and Jung . Second, improved (paperback) edition reviewed by the author. Diogenes, Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-257-21343-3 , section Das Werk Janet – V .: Die dynamic theory , p. 515 (English: The Discovery of the Unconscious. The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry . New York 1970. Translated by Gudrun Theusner-Stampa): “Janet's comparison of the two main neuroses, hysteria and psychasthenia , was taken over by CG Jung, who assigned it Prototypes of the extraverted and introverted personality made [...]. "
  13. ↑ Uwe Henrik Peters : Lexicon of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology . With an English-German dictionary attached. 6th, completely revised and expanded edition. Elsevier, Urban & Fischer, Munich / Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-437-15062-3 , entry psychasthenia , p. 425 .
  14. ↑ Holger Steinberg, Dirk Carius, Leonardo F. Fontenelle: Kraepelin's views on obsessive neurosis: a comparison with DSM-5 criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder . In: Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry . tape 39 , no. 4 , 2017, doi : 10.1590 / 1516-4446-2016-1959 (English): "As a result, people affected by psychasthenia suffered from indisposition, unsettledness, and a feeling of being incomplete."
  15. ^ Hans Jürgen Eysenck , Sybil BG Eysenck : Personality Structure and Measurement (Psychology Revivals) . Routledge, 2013, ISBN 978-1-135-02158-0 , pp. 22 (English, limited preview in the Google book search - new edition of the book originally published in 1969): “Jung believed that the extravert in case of neurotic breakdown is predisposed to hysteria , the introvert to psychasthenia […] his typical neurotic disorder is pychasthenia”
  16. ↑ a b Reinhard J. Boerner: Temperament. Theory, research, clinic . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-642-39505-5 , Section 4.3.1 The theory of Eysenck , p. 73 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  17. ↑ MMPI-2 scales. University of Minnesota Press, accessed February 5, 2020 .
  18. ^ A b Heinz W. Krohne, Michael Hock: Psychological Diagnostics. Basics and fields of application . Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-17-019080-1 , p. 285 ( limited preview in Google Book search).