Ordinary swaths of salt

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Ordinary swaths of salt
Common swaths of salt (Puccinellia distans), illustration

Common swaths of salt ( Puccinellia distans ), illustration

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Genre : Clouds of Salt ( Puccinellia )
Type : Ordinary swaths of salt
Scientific name
Puccinellia distans
( Jacq. ) Parl.

The common salt swath ( Puccinellia distans ), also protruding salt swath, is a type of grass from the sweet grass family (Poaceae).

The common name Quelder is also used for the region of East Frisia .

features

The common salt plume is a hemicryptophyte and reaches heights of growth of 10 to 60 cm, rarely only 5 cm. It forms gray-green clumps , above-ground creeping rungs are missing. The stems stand upright or are kneeling-ascending, their surface is ribbed, smooth and bare. They have 2 to 4 bald knots .

The ligule are 1 to 2 mm long and rounded to pointed. The leaf blades are 2 to 10 cm long and 1.5 to 4 mm wide. They are flat to slightly curled. At the top they are suddenly pointed or bluntly hooded. On the top they are rough, the epidermal cells on the top of the leaf have short papillae .

Common swaths of salt ( Puccinellia distans ), illustration

The inflorescence is a 3 to 18 cm long, omnidirectional and loose panicle , which is spread out to bloom, the lowest panicle branches stand to 4 to 5 (rarely 3 to 7) and are knocked down after the bloom. The longer panicle branches are covered with spikelets in their upper half . The spikelets have 3 to 9 flowers, are 3 to 7 (rarely 9) mm long and tinged bluish to purple. The lower glume is single-nerved and 1 to 1.5 mm long, the upper is three-nerved and 1.5 to 2 mm long. The lemmas are 1.8 to 2.2 mm long, broadly trimmed and hairy on the base and on the nerves. The anthers are 0.7 to 1 mm long. Flowering time is from June to October. The caryopses are around 1.5 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28, 42.

Distribution and locations

The species occurs in subarctic to temperate Eurasia, northwestern Africa and North America. In Germany Puccinellia distans is widespread on the coasts, in the inland it occurs scattered. Because of the salt spread, it spreads particularly along roads. In Austria the species is common on roadsides, otherwise rare, it is absent in Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein.

The common salt plume grows in salt marshes , meadows, on roadsides and on rubble sites. It loves salt and prefers nutrient-rich, salty clay soils. It is an optional halophyte . It occurs up to the montane altitude level and rises to 1500 m above sea level. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises between Oberjoch and the border up to 1100 m above sea level.

It is an association character type of the salt plume society (Puccinellietum distantis) from the association Puccinellionm maritimae. The species also comes from cesspools in companies of the Chenopodion rubri or in companies of the associations Agropyro-Rumicion or Polygonion avicularis vo.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 151. ( online ).
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Puccinellia distans. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. ^ CE Hubbard: Grasses. A Guide to their Structure, Identification, Uses and Distribution in the British Isles . Penguin, London 1992, p. 199, ISBN 0-14-013227-9
  4. ^ Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 191.
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  220 .

Web links

Commons : Puccinellia distans  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
photos

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