Puente de la Constitución de 1812
Coordinates: 36 ° 31 '26 " N , 6 ° 15' 35" W.
| Puente de la Constitución de 1812 | ||
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| use | Road bridge | |
| Convicted |
 Autovia de acceso da Cádiz
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| Crossing of | Cadiz Bay | |
| place | Cadiz and Puerto Real | |
| construction | Cable-stayed bridge | |
| overall length | 3095 m | |
| width | 34 m | |
| Number of openings | 38 | |
| Longest span | 540 m | |
| Construction height | 185 m | |
| Clear height | 69 m | |
| start of building | 2007 | |
| opening | September 24, 2015 | |
| planner | Javier Manterola , CFCSL | |
| location | ||
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The Puente de la Constitución de 1812 ( Bridge of the Constitution of 1812 ), also colloquially Puente de la Pepa , is the second road bridge that connects the Spanish city of Cádiz with Puerto Real on the other side of the Bay of Cádiz and thus directly with the mainland and saved the detour via San Fernando and the CA-33 in the south of the bay.
It has the largest span of all Spanish cable-stayed bridges and the third largest in Europe after the Pont de Normandie in France and the Rio-Andirrio Bridge in Greece. It is also the longest bridge in Spain.
location
The Puente de la Constitución de 1812 is 2.5 km north of the bascule bridge Puente José León de Carranza , which opened in 1969, and is the main part of the Autovia de acceso da Cádiz ( motorway access to Cádiz ) with the number CA-35. This begins in Puerto Real as a continuation of the Autopista AP-4 , leads in Barriada Rio San Pedro first over the Viaducto del Río San Pedro and immediately afterwards over the Puente de la Constitución de 1812 directly to Av. las Cortes de Cádiz in the city center and near the port and old town of Cádiz.
Surname
The name of the bridge is reminiscent of the first Spanish constitution , which was drawn up in Cádiz by the Cortes de Cádiz , the constituent assembly. The proclamation took place on March 19, 1812, the holiday of St. Joseph ( Pepe ), which is why the constitution was also known under the name La Pepa .
description
The Puente de la Constitución de 1812 is built like a motorway with two lanes per directional lane, separated by a concrete protective wall. There is no hard shoulder. On the north side there are also two lanes, also separated by a concrete barrier, which are intended for local public transport rail vehicles , but are initially used by public buses.
The bridge had to have a clearance height of 69 m in order not to disturb the access to the shipyard in the southern bay of Cádiz , and therefore needs long ramp bridges to bring traffic to this height. Including these ramp bridges, it is 3095 m long. The entire transport structure including the 796 m long Viaducto del Río San Pedro , which was built at the same time, is around 5 km long.
The bridge was designed by the Spanish engineering firm Carlos Fernández Casado, SL (CFCSL) under the direction of Javier Manterola . It was inaugurated on September 24, 2015 by the Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy and the Minister for Construction and Transport Ana Pastor .
Cable-stayed bridge
The main bridge is a 1180 m long cable-stayed bridge with spans of 120 + 200 + 540 + 200 + 120 m.
It is supported by two 185 m high, diamond-shaped pylons made of reinforced concrete , which terminate in a vertical stem in which a high anchor box is arranged for the (4 × 22 =) 88 stay cables. One of the pylons is on the seabed, the other on land about 60 m behind the edge of the loading quay, in order to leave sufficient space for the harbor cranes there to operate.
The 34 m wide and only 3 m high bridge deck was constructed using a steel composite construction. It consists of a steel trapezoidal hollow box with two internal webs, which is covered with a road surface made of prestressed concrete . The box girder was made in 20 m long and 300 t heavy segments on the construction site next to the bridge, which were initially attached to the pylons with cranes and later lifted into the already assembled segments with lifting devices.
Removable lane board
The 150 m wide bridge field adjoining the cable-stayed bridge to the west consists of an expandable steel box girder with a construction height of 3 m at its ends and 8 m in the middle as well as a cover made of an orthotropic plate . It can be lifted and removed by floating cranes when an exceptionally tall ship calls at the shipyard in the southern part of the Bay of Cadiz. Since this will rarely be the case, removal and installation with floating cranes is cheaper than installing a folding mechanism.
Cadiz ramp bridge
The connection between the removable deck and the banks of Cádiz is made by a 570 m long ramp bridge with nine bridge fields. The deck, like that of the main bridge, consists of a trapezoidal box girder with a concrete cover. During construction, the steel box girders were first pushed in from the bank, then the concrete ceiling was applied.
Eastern ramp bridge
A 1182 m long ramp bridge with 23 fields leads from the cable-stayed bridge to the Viaducto del Río San Pedro. It consists of prestressed concrete box girders, which are initially supported on individual pillars and then on portal frames to facilitate traffic under the bridge.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Rajoy asiste a la puesta en servicio del puente de la Constitución de 1812 on the website of the Ministerio de Fomento (Ministry of Construction and Transport)
- ↑ a b The Art of Spanish Bridge Design on spanishbridges.princeton.edu
- ↑ 3095 m including the transition and connecting structures according to the sign on the road and according to the Ministerio de Fomento, 3082 m without these structures according to a plan drawing by the CFCSL office.
- ↑ a b Puente sobre la Bahía de Cádiz. Cadiz. España. 2015. On the CFCSL website
- ↑ 1180 m long according to CFCSL, 1182 m according to Ministerio de Fomento
- ↑ a b Puente de la Bahía de Cádiz, a toda máquina en su fase final de construcción . On the CFCSL website
- ↑ 570 m long according to CFCSL, 581.3 m according to Ministerio de Fomento