Cross trench

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cross trench
The trench near Altenberg

The trench near Altenberg

Data
location Saxony , Germany
River system Elbe
Drain over Rote Weißeritz  → Weißeritz  → Elbe  → North Sea
source north of Georgenfeld
50 ° 44 ′ 35 ″  N , 13 ° 45 ′ 5 ″  E
muzzle in Altenberg in the Große Galgenteich Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 38 "  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 23"  E 50 ° 45 ′ 38 "  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 23"  E

length 3 km

The Quergraben is an artificial ditch from the 16th century south of Altenberg in the Ore Mountains . It served the additional supply of impact water for the tin processing of the local mining industry.

course

The approximately three-kilometer-long ditch begins as a confluence of several small ditches on the eastern slope of the Kahleberg north of Georgenfeld at about 855 m above sea level. NN. Starting from this precipitation-rich area (annual precipitation 1100 millimeters) the cross ditch runs northwards and collects the spring and rainwater on the east and north-east flanks of the Kahleberg. It also uses part of the black water spring water on the upper reaches that it absorbs from the moor . The trench flows west of the caterpillar nest (826 m above sea level) and leads its collected water to the large gallows pond . The last stretch of the trench was changed in 1998 in connection with the reorganization of drinking water extraction from the gallows ponds.

history

In the area of ​​an average of 750 m above sea level. high altitude mountain town Altenberg is one of the most important tin deposits on the European mainland, the Altenberger Zwitterstock . Mining in the bedrock began here around 1440. The average tin content of the hermaphrodite was only 0.76%. This fine distribution required extensive processing in numerous knock washes . Here the ore was pounded under millimeter size and the tin was washed out.

The Altenberger Pochwäschen concentrated in the valley of the Tiefenbach between Altenberg and Geising . However, the amount of water in the stream was not sufficient to supply the 16 tap washes with their sometimes more than 1000 tap stamps. Due to Altenberg's location on the watershed between Müglitz and Roter Weißeritz , there were problems in providing enough water for the treatment plants. For this reason, the Aschergraben was dug between 1452 and 1458 in order to supply the Pochwäschen with water from the ridge layers of the Eastern Ore Mountains, which are rich in precipitation and bog, as well as from cut streams.

The upswing in mining that began in the 16th century (around 1555 installation of two new artifacts in the Roman shaft) required an expansion of the water supply. Against this background, the large gallows pond and the small gallows pond were created as water reservoirs around 1545 . The main tributaries of the gallows ponds were the transverse and new trenches built in the 1550s . Both trenches together led the precipitation and melt water of an area of ​​100 square kilometers to the Altenberg mining industry.

The trench was an important part of the water management of the Altenberg mining industry until the recent past. The Quergraben is one of the oldest preserved mining water management systems in the Ore Mountains and an important witness from the first heyday of Altenberg mining. It is considered a technical masterpiece. The ditch has a height difference of about 68 meters between the beginning and the end. The gradient is about 1:40.

literature

  • Hermann Beckert: Historical contributions to mining water management in tin mining to Altenberg. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter Heft 3/1961, pp. 211–221.
  • Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology / Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hg.): The tin ore deposit Altenberg / Eastern Ore Mountains . Mining in Saxony, Vol. 9, Dresden 2002.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Saxony Atlas. Retrieved March 12, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Description in the "MontE" database of the Institute for Science and Technology History (IWTG) at the Technical University of Freiberg ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 6, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / monte.hrz.tu-freiberg.de
  3. ^ Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hg.): The Zinner ore deposit Altenberg / Osterzgebirge . Mining in Saxony Vol. 9, Dresden 2002, p. 231
  4. ^ Otfried Wagenbreth et al .: Mining in the Ore Mountains . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Otfried Wagenbreth, Eberhard Wächtler . 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-342-00509-2 , p. 165 ff .
  5. ↑ To Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 7). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1964, p. 121.