Neugraben (large gallows pond)

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New dig
New dig west of the Kahleberg

New dig west of the Kahleberg

Data
location Saxony , Germany
River system Elbe
Drain over Rote Weißeritz  → Weißeritz  → Elbe  → North Sea
source west of the Georgenfeld Hochmoors
50 ° 43 ′ 56 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 12 ″  E
muzzle in Altenberg in the Große Galgenteich Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 41 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 15 ″  E 50 ° 45 ′ 41 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 15 ″  E

length 7 km

The Neugraben is an artificial ditch southwest of Altenberg in the Eastern Ore Mountains . The ditch, which dates from the 16th century, was used to supply impact water for the tin processing of the local mining industry.

course

The approximately seven kilometer long ditch begins as a confluence of several small ditches southwest of the almost 900 meter high Lugsteine ​​(Kleiner Lugstein 896  m above sea  level , Großer Lugstein 897 m above sea level). In the precipitation-rich area around the Lugsteine ​​and the Kahleberg (annual precipitation with 1100 millimeters) there was once a 180 hectare moor area, of which the Georgenfeld high moor is still today . Starting from this moor area, the Neugraben runs around the southwest, west and northeast sides of the Kahleberg and collects the spring and rainwater on the flanks. In addition, part of the spring water of the Pöbelbach is incorporated. The Neugraben then feeds the water it has collected to the Great Gallows Pond from the west .

history

The new ditch on the western flank of the Kahleberg

In the area of ​​the mean 750 m above sea level. high altitude mountain town Altenberg is one of the most important tin ore deposits on the European mainland. Mining in the bedrock began here around 1440. The tin content in the mined ore was on average only 0.76%. This fine distribution required extensive processing in numerous knock washes . Here the tin was washed out of the hermaphrodites, which had previously been pounded under millimeter size .

The Altenberger Pochwäschen concentrated in the valley of the Tiefenbach between Altenberg and Geising . However, the amount of water in the stream was insufficient to supply the 16 tap washes with their at times more than 1,000 tap stamps. Altenberg's location on the watershed between Müglitz and Roter Weißeritz led to problems with the provision of impact water for the treatment plants. To remedy this, the Aschergraben was created as an artificial ditch between 1452 and 1458 , in order to supply the Pochwäschen with water from the ridge layers of the Eastern Ore Mountains, which are rich in precipitation and bog, and from cut streams.

The upswing in mining that began in the 16th century (around 1555 when two new artifacts were installed in the Roman shaft) required an expansion of the water supply. Against this background, the large gallows pond and the small gallows pond were created as water reservoirs around 1545 . The main tributaries to the gallows ponds were the artificial trenches of the new trench and the cross trench , which were laid out in the 1550s . Both trenches together led the precipitation and melt water from an area of ​​around 100 square kilometers to the Altenberg mining industry.

The Neugraben was first mentioned in 1554 in a mine account as a nauer Graben . The ditch originally began as a branch of a watercourse in the Pfaffenbusch (today located in the area of ​​the newly built Biathlon Arena Osterzgebirge). In 1580 it was extended to the western end of the Georgenfeld Hochmoors, which from then on it drained directly.

Up until the recent past, the new dig was an important part of the water management in Altenberg mining. In 1954, a pumping station was put into operation in Rehefeld , which also fed water from the Wilden Weißeritz into the ditch. The ditch is also one of the main tributaries for the Altenberg reservoir , which was created from 1987 to meet the increased demand for service water for Altenberg tin processing.

Overall, the Neugraben is one of the oldest preserved water management systems in the Ore Mountains and at the same time an important material testimony from the first heyday of Altenberg mining. It is also considered a technical masterpiece. The ditch has a height difference of about 75 meters between the beginning and the end. The gradient is only 1:90.

literature

  • Hermann Beckert: Historical contributions to mining water management in tin mining to Altenberg. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter Heft 3/1961, pp. 211–221.
  • Martin Hammermüller : Around Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein. Values ​​of the German Homeland Vol. 7, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1964.
  • Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology / Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hg.): The tin ore deposit Altenberg / Eastern Ore Mountains . Mining in Saxony, Vol. 9, Dresden 2002.
  • Otfried Wagenbreth et al .: Mining in the Ore Mountains . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Otfried Wagenbreth, Eberhard Wächtler . 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-342-00509-2 , p. 504 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Saxony Atlas. Retrieved March 12, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Description in the "MontE" database of the Institute for Science and Technology History (IWTG) at the Technical University of Freiberg ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 6, 2010  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / monte.hrz.tu-freiberg.de
  3. ^ Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hg.): The Zinner ore deposit Altenberg / Osterzgebirge . In: Bergbau in Sachsen Vol. 9, Dresden 2002, p. 231
  4. ↑ Otfried Wagenbreth, Eberhard Wächtler (ed.): Mining in the Ore Mountains. Technical monuments and history . Verlag für Grundstofftindustrie, Leipzig 1990, p. 176
  5. ↑ Martin Hammermüller: Around Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein. In: Values ​​of the German homeland . Vol. 7, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1964, p. 87
  6. ↑ http://www.bergbaumuseum-altenberg.de/guepfad/objekte/p46.htm
  7. ↑ Martin Hammermüller: Around Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein. In: Values ​​of the German homeland . Vol. 7, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1964, p. 88