Quirinus Indervelden

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Quirinus Christian Indervelden (* approx. 1625 in Dordrecht ; † August 26, 1666 in Husum ) was a Dutch dikemaker from Brabant who came to Nordstrand after the Burchardi flood in 1651 and, with extensive rights, dammed the country again.

Life

origin

Quirinus Indervelden was probably born in Dordrecht as the son of the dikemaster and merchant François Indervelden († 1646) and Magdalena († 1633), daughter of Quirinus van der Wercken. He had at least two brothers, Jan (or Johannes) († April 1, 1667) and Benedikt, who became a priest.

Quirinus Indervelden was a successful dike builder from a young age. Before he came to North Friesland, he was dikemaster of Oosterweel , had led dyke work south of the Scheldt estuary and thus acquired his own land in addition to the inherited land. Since 1646 he was married to Valeriana Heijs (* 1625 in Geertruidenberg; † 31 May 1681 on Nordstrand), with whom he had two sons: Franciscus (* 24 May 1647; † 25 January 1714) and Johann Walter (* ≈ 1650 - 7 October 1727).

prehistory

The old island beach after the Burchardi flood; Submerged areas are dashed like the seabed. The Alte Koog can already be recognized on the map by Johannes Blaeu from 1662.

In 1634 the Burchardi flood destroyed the island of Strand in the Duchy of Schleswig . Due to numerous dike breaches, the entire island was flooded and torn into several parts. 6,400 people died. The 2,633 survivors only succeeded in damming the island of Pellworm back in quickly. The rest of the country remained exposed to the influence of the sea for years because the remaining inhabitants lacked the means and Duke Friedrich III. von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf wanted to donate his money to soldiers rather than repairing the dikes during the Thirty Years' War . The terps and buildings, which had survived the flood halfway unscathed, also crumbled. Only the area between the parishes of Gaikebüll and Odenbüll and the Hallig Nordstrandischmoor and Amsinckkoog, later Hamburg Hallig , remained as land remnants .

The Duke was therefore looking for donors to regain the lost land. As early as 1636 he was negotiating with Dutch dike builders. François Indervelden traveled to North Friesland in 1641 and made a map of the area. A contract was initially not signed, but François Indervelden seemed so promising that he recommended it to his sons.

In 1651 Quirinus Indervelden traveled to Nordstrand. He won three participants who wanted to share the incalculable risk of the dike measures with him in the hope of profit. Two of them, Alewijn van der Woert and Abraham van der Wercken, were related to him and, like him, followers of Jansenism .

The Octroy of 1652

The dike in the Nordstrander Köge is largely the work of Indervelden and his descendants. The Alte Koog is the area largely spared by the Burchardi flood, which Indervelden surrounded with a new dike in 1654. In 1657 the Osterkoog was won, in 1673 the Trindermarschkoog. The Neue Koog was won in 1691 by Inderveldens son; the Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog , the then Christian-Koog called was his grandson dammed one.

In July 1652, the Duke agreed an octroy with the four main participants , in which Indervelden and his participants were given all rights to the whole of Nordstrand. To do this, they undertook to re-dike the remaining fragments of the island of Strand. In addition, the duke granted him extensive property rights to the entire land, including all the buildings and churches that were still in existence, including their furnishings. The mainly Catholic dike workers who Indervelden recruited were guaranteed freedom of religion , including the building of their own church. The participants should have the right of patronage over the land they won , as well as a temporary exemption from taxes, their own judiciary, police, administration and trade for the island.

The privileges for the participants led to protests among the remaining North Frisian islanders, who were expropriated and thus lost the rest of their property, but at the same time were obliged to work on dykes and deliveries of earth and straw for embroidery.

The first Koog

From 1653, Indervelden as dikemaster was in charge of the dyke construction work. His brothers accompanied him to Nordstrand. Benedikt, whose name was Rogerius according to Anton Heimreich , became the first Catholic priest on Nordstrand and Johannes supported Quirinus as "Pfenning master".

Since the dispossessed residents demanded higher wages, Indervelden brought more dike workers from Brabant. Despite this delay, the Friedrichs- (after Duke Friedrich) or Alter koog with the Odenbüller St. Vinzenz-Kirche was dyed in 1654 . For this purpose, dikes that had survived the Burchardi flood relatively undamaged could be included. However, the new dykes were given a much flatter outer slope than the previous dykes. Each main participant received a quarter of the diked land, with Indervelden giving half of his share to his brothers. In the same year they began to cultivate the diked land. Staller von Nordstrand was Indervelden's only 9-year-old son. Quirinus Indervelden held the office on a provisional basis, but in order to be the official holder of the office himself, he did not have a law degree.

The Theresiendom

Financial problems

The new dike broke as early as 1655. Co-participant Joseph de Smit blamed Indervelden for the accident. The expensive repairs lasted until 1656 and exceeded the funds of the participants. Indervelden now recruited the priest Christian de Cort , his wife's uncle, as the fifth main participant, to whom the rest of the management and authority for the financing of the embankment measures and the construction of the St. Theresa Church were left. The only unrelated participant Joseph de Smit, on the other hand, left the dispute with Indervelden. De Cort took over de Smit's share and the difficult search for further donors, while Indervelden supervised the dyke construction work.

In 1657 the Maria-Elisabeth-Koog (today: Osterkoog) was won and named after Maria Elisabeth , the duke's wife. The Indervelden brothers together received a quarter of the land. However, Quirinus Indervelden's funds were no longer sufficient to dike the Trindermarsch-Koog in 1663, because he was left with nothing when it came to distributing the land. However, because de Cort was the only person responsible for the financial ruin of the entire company, Indervelden's reputation did not suffer from the bankruptcy. After de Cort's return to the Netherlands in 1664 he took over the chairmanship of the meanwhile 24 main participants and was responsible for the new dyke law , the Keur van Nordstrand , as provisional stallion .

Inderveldens legacy

Indervelden died on August 26, 1666 in Husum. His son Franz (iskus) Indervelden, who had meanwhile finished his law studies, officially took over the office of stallion from Nordstrand. He was married to a daughter of Johann Daniel von Freins-Nordstrand . In 1691, 25 years after Quirinus Indervelden's death, the Neue Koog was diked under the direction of his sons. Franz Indervelden was also commissioned by the Duke to dry the Gotteskoog through mills “in the Dutch manner”. The third stallion in the family, Quirinus' grandson Quirinus Franciscus Indervelden (* 1695) went bankrupt and had to abdicate in 1746 and leave the island. In spite of this, and even if the dike broke again during severe storm surges, Indervelden's project was very successful. The Oktroy lasted more than two hundred years. In 1768 it passed to Jean Henri Desmercières .

The last Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog , completed by Indervelden in 1739 and destroyed by a storm surge in 1751, was re-sealed at his own expense.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Family tree Quirinus Indervelden
  2. ^ Lohmeier: Indervelden, Quirinus Christian , p. 185
  3. ^ Karl Kuenz: Nordstrand after 1634. The re-diked North Frisian island ; [Singen] 1978, pp. 61-65
  4. ^ For the text of Octroy, see Karl Kuenz: Nordstrand nach 1634. The re-diked North Frisian island ; [Singen] 1978, pp. 25-35
  5. ↑ a b History of Husum
  6. ^ Anton Heimreich: North Frisian Chronicle . 3rd edition 1819 by Nikolaus Falck Volume 2, p. 182
  7. ↑ Hans Joachim Kühn: The beginnings of dyke construction in Schleswig-Holstein , Heide 1992, p. 33f
  8. ^ Lohmeier: Indervelden, Quirinus Christian , p. 186
  9. ^ Text printed by Karl Kuenz: Nordstrand after 1634. The re-diked North Frisian island ; [Singen] 1978, pp. 139-143
  10. ^ Anton Heimreich: North Frisian Chronicle . 3rd edition 1819 by Nikolaus Falck Volume 2, p. 210
  11. ^ Karl Kuenz: Nordstrand after 1634. The re-diked North Frisian island ; [Singing] 1978, p. 49
  12. ↑ Marie Luisa Allemeyer: No country without Deich--! Lifeworlds of a Coastal Society in the Early Modern Age , Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2006, p. 141
personal data
SURNAME Indervelden, Quirinus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Indervelden, Quirinus Christian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dikemaster
DATE OF BIRTH around 1625
PLACE OF BIRTH Dordrecht
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1666
Place of death Husum