Staller (civil servant)

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The stallion is a historical official designation in the landscapes of Eiderstedt and Nordstrand in the Duchy of Schleswig . The stallion was the highest sovereign official, like a bailiff .

term

The term Staller is derived from “installing” meaning “to work in an office” or its German equivalent “appointment”. In another interpretation, Staller is a North Frisian form of the word "governor".

history

According to Anton Heimreich's North Frisian Chronicle , the stallion's office already existed around 1350, initially for the entire Uthlande . When the Danish King Waldemar IV. Atterdag defeated the Wiedingharde in 1359 , he put Waldemar Zappy there as a stallion. In the other Harden of the Uthlande, too , he installed inspectors, probably using members of the leading sexes. The first stable man from Strand mentioned by name , Ingmar, fought the Wogemänner , which the Eiderstedter stable man, Ove Hering, finally defeated in 1370.

In contrast to the feudal men or councilors elected by the local population from their midst, the stallion was a sovereign official who was appointed by the Danish king and from 1544 to 1713 by the duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf . In the so-called stallion privilege of 1552/1571, which was confirmed in 1590, his duties and powers are specified. According to this, only a non-noble local was allowed to exercise the office. The nomination by the sovereign was preceded by the landscape's right to propose. The councilors were allowed to present six candidates, but had no influence on the choice of sovereign. The stallion had the overall supervision of all church and communal bodies and the right to visit together with the provost . The landscape assembly, the judiciary and the supervision of the maintenance of the dikes were subordinate to him, the latter often in competition with dikemasters - or also in personal union. He was supported by the land clerk and the penny master.

With the introduction of Prussian land law in the province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1866, the Staller's office disappeared.

Eiderstedt

Until they were united to form the Eiderstedt landscape, the three countries had two stalls, one for Eiderstedt and one for Everschop and Utholm . There was a common stallion since 1462, although the office remained almost exclusively with a local family for more than 100 years. The stallion resided mostly in Tönning , later in Garding .

The most important stallion in Eiderstedt since 1578 was the royal councilor Caspar Hoyer , who had the Hoyersworth manor house named after him built near Oldenswort between 1591 and 1594 . Under his administration, the landscape experienced an economic boom and Tönning and Garding received city ​​rights . His successor was his son Hermann Hoyer. Since that time, the stable people were mostly nobles or merited court officials who came to the countryside from outside, such as Samuel Rachel , who held office from 1680–1684 and 1689–1691. Not infrequently they were used by the sovereign without the landscape being able to exercise its right of suggestion. In the disputes between the duke and the king in 1702, the landscape bought the right to employ a local stallion. Ove Lorenz, who came into office in this way, died in 1704.

In 1736, in addition to the stallion in Eiderstedt, the office of a head stallion was created, who should reside in Husum and at the same time administer the offices of Schwabstedt and Husum.

North beach

The stallion resided on the island of Strand in Gaikebüll before 1634. Here, too, the office was almost exclusively in the hands of a family until the 16th century. Up to the 16th century almost all of them were descendants of the Ingmar mentioned around 1350. They had privileges such as tax exemption, which put them on an equal footing with the nobility . Is known Laurens Leve , who for nearly 50 years Staller had been and into the knighthood was taken. In 1495 he was removed from office for abuse of office and unlawful enrichment. With his fortune he supported the publication of the first book in Schleswig-Holstein, the Missale Slesvicense by the Lübeck printer Steffen Arndes .

After the Burchardi flood of 1634, the last Staller August von Bestebrostel († 1647) left the island. The land clerk Baltzer Novock took over the duties of the stallion on a temporary basis. In 1655 Pellworm and the Halligen were subordinated to the Husum bailiff.

Since Oktroy of 1652, the Staller North beach was not an authoritarian officials more, but a lawyer who was elected by the Hauptpartizipanten as their representatives. However, the Octroynaker Quirinus Indervelden only led the post of stallion on a provisional basis because he lacked the compulsory law degree. The nominal holder of the office was his son Franziskus Indervelden, who officially took over the post of chief stableman and dikemaster only after the death of his father. The grandson Quirinus Franziskus Indervelden went bankrupt in 1746. After 1760 local lawyers took over the office again.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ install. In: Digital dictionary of the German language . Retrieved October 30, 2019
  2. ↑ EC Kruse: About the origin of the stable office and the etymology of the name Staller . In: Schleswig-Holsteinische Provinzialberichte , 8, 1794, pp. 347–352; P. 350
  3. ^ Anton Heimreichs Nordfresische Chronik, edition of 1819 1st volume , p. 325
  4. ↑ Panten: North Frisian chiefs and noble families (see literature); P. 254
  5. ↑ Kersten Krüger: The landscape constitution of northern Elbe in the early modern period. A special type of political participation. In: Ders .: Forming the early modern age: selected essays , Münster 2005, pp. 199–225; P. 208
  6. ↑ Hans Ditmar Frederik Feddersen: Description of the landscape Eiderstedt . Altona 1853, pp. 46-48
  7. ↑ Hans Ditmar Frederik Feddersen: Description of the landscape Eiderstedt . Altona 1853, p. 52
  8. ^ PW Cornils: The communal constitution in the Eiderstedt landscape . 1841, p. 92
  9. ↑ Malte Bischoff: The officials of Duke Friedrich III. from Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. Sources and research on the history of Schleswig-Holstein , 105-106, Neumünster 1993, p. 272
  10. ↑ Panten: North Frisian chiefs and noble families (see literature); P. 255
  11. ↑ Panten: North Frisian chiefs and noble families (see literature); P. 257
  12. ^ Dieter Lohmeier: Leve (Levens, Levenssen), Laurens (Laurentius): d. 1508; Staller from North Beach. In: Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck , 9 1991, pp. 204–206
  13. ^ Anton Heimreich: Nordfriesische Chronik 3rd edition 1819 by Nikolaus Falck Volume 2, p. 36
  14. ^ Dieter Lohmeier : Indervelden, Quirinus Christian . In: Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck 10 (1994), pp. 185–187; P. 186
  15. ^ Karl Kuenz: North beach after 1634. The re-diked North Frisian island . [Singing] 1978, p. 49