Laurens Leve

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Laurens Leve (* before 1448; † 1508 ) was a stallion on the North Frisian island of Strand . He is known for his generous spiritual foundations.

The baptismal font in the Schleswig Cathedral bears the coat of arms with two crossed swords on a red background, which Laurens Leve was awarded in 1461.

Life

Laurens Leve came from the North Frisian family that had provided the Uthlande's first known stallion . Her court in the parish of Morsum was granted privileges as early as the 14th century, which equated its owners with the nobility. His father Junge Leve († 1448) had been a stallion since 1436. Laurens Leve himself was a respected advisor during his father's lifetime. Even though he was not explicitly referred to as Staller ( advocatus seu capitaneus ) in a document from Pope Pius II until 1462 , he assumed the office immediately after his father's death. In that year Duke Adolf VIII enfeoffed him with the tax receipts from Morsum, presumably the pay for the stallion.

In 1460, King Christian I, as the new sovereign, confirmed this fief. In 1461, the year after the Treaty of Ripen , he gave Laurens Leve and his brother Junge Leve Levesen, who was councilor in Flensburg , a letter of coat of arms , which was equivalent to admission to the knighthood . The coat of arms showed two gold swords crossed as slabs in the red coat of arms . A little later, Laurens Leve came into conflict with the king because he refused to collect taxes to compensate the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein for having renounced the Duchy of Holstein . For this he was arrested at Gottorf Castle in 1463 and his son-in-law Edleff Knudsen was employed in his place as a stable man. The Nordstrander captured the tax collectors sent by the king. In exchange with them, Laurens Leve was released.

When Gerd von Oldenburg , the king's brother, tried in 1472 to incite the west coast against Christian I, Laurens Leve believed in the king and was rewarded with the land of those neighbors who had joined the uprising. He was also used again as a stallion. Edleff Knudsen, who must have joined Gerd, was quartered .

In 1495 Laurens Leve was deposed as stallion, although the circumstances are not entirely clear. According to Anton Home kingdom Nordfresischer Chronicle he does that the bishop of Schleswig Eggert Dürkop belonging Süderholz have annexed. Presumably, however, it was about more far-reaching offenses and abuse of office, as well as enrichment up to unjustified executions. The neglect of some particularly endangered dykes was also one of the charges, even the damming of bog areas for salt peat extraction . Leve replied that Pellworm , which had been torn apart by a severe storm surge in 1480, had only been re-fortified in the previous years . He moved to Flensburg, where he is attested in 1504 as councilor, probably as the successor to his brother.

Family and business connections

Before 1450 Laurens married Leve Eyge or Ide Wunkesen († after 1492). She was the granddaughter of Ebbe Wunkesen, who is mentioned in 1439 as a stallion from Eiderstedt and Utholm.

With her he had four daughters and two sons. Laurens Leve the Younger is mentioned in 1522 as a stallion. The second son Levo Leve (* ~ 1450) became a clergyman. In 1464 his father founded a vicarie for him at the Schleswig Cathedral . In 1465 Levo enrolled at the University of Rostock. In 1468 Laurens Leve acquired the right to clerical positions for his still underage son. Levo Leve was canon in Schleswig and Lübeck and pastor ( pleban ) of the Jakobikirche in Lübeck . In 1468/69 he received his bachelor's degree in Rostock and in 1471/72 his master's degree. In the 1470s he stayed to study canon law in Perugia , which he completed with a doctorate. There he entered into a company with the printer Steffen Arndes .

First page of the Leve financed Missale Slesvicense with the Proprium for the 1st Sunday of Advent

In Lübeck Levo Leve met the printer again around 1485 and referred him to his father, who commissioned Arndes to print the Missale Slesvicense . Laurens Leve and Steffen Arndes entered a society, with Levo Leve acting as his father's agent. Leve took over while the costs of printing and also financed the establishment of the Official interest . In 1494 this society was dissolved by mutual agreement. As part of the dissolution contract documented in the Lübeck Niederstadtbuch , Arndes received the workshop with all accessories, but Laurens Leve received 37 paper and five parchment copies of the missal in rough sheets, 90 bound copies of the Breviary Slesvicense, also printed by Arndes, and 400 copies of the plenary worth a total of around 700 Luebian marks . Arndes gave the Leves another 1,000 copies of the plenary and a probably Low German edition of the Legenda aurea in 1498.

Two of Laurens Leve's daughters married into the Lübeck patriciate: Anneke married the Lübeck mayor Johann Wickinghof . Her son was the Lübeck councilor Lambert Wickinghof . Katharina († 1519) became the first wife of Johann Lüneburg , like Wickinghof, a member of the circle society and later Lübeck councilor. She was buried next to her husband under a stone heraldic grave plate with the Leven's coat of arms consisting of the two crossed swords in the coat of arms in the choir of the monastery church of St. Johannis monastery .

Spiritual foundations

In addition to the vicariate foundations and investments in the printing of sacred works, Laurens Leve also financed church buildings and donated valuable inventory for several churches. He had a chapel added to the old church in Pellworm, and in 1475 he even had the church in his home town of Morsum rebuilt from scratch. He donated Holy Communion goblets for both churches and a bronze fifth created by Hinrich Klinghe for Morsum, Buphever and the Schleswig Cathedral (1480) and a bell for Stintebüll. After the Burchardi flood , the baptismal font from Buphever came to the Pellworm Old Church, where it is still located today; the one from Morsum came to Nordstrandischmoor , but was probably lost in the Christmas flood of 1717 . The chalice, which came also from Morsum to Nordstrandischmoor was after the fall of the last local church in the February flood of 1825 in the Danish National Museum of Copenhagen brought.

literature

Web links

Commons : Laurens Leve  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albert Panten: About the constitutional and socio-historical importance of North Frisian chiefs and noble families from the 14th to the 16th century . In: Hubertus Menke: The Netherlands and the European Northeast: A Millennium of Spacious Relationships ( 700–1700 ) , Neumünster 1992, pp. 249–260; P. 255 (pdf, accessed June 18, 2015)
  2. ↑ Acta pontificum danica IV, No. 2252
  3. ^ Anton Heimreich's North Frisian Chronicle Edition from 1819 1st volume , p. 335
  4. ↑ Panten: North Frisian chiefs and noble families , p. 257
  5. ↑ Dirk Meier / Hans Joachim Kühn / Guus J. Borger: The coastal atlas. The Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea in the past and present . Heide 2013, p. 91. 95
  6. ↑ Ebbe Wunkesen
  7. ↑ Entry 1465 in the Rostock matriculation portal
  8. ↑ Mentioned in Jakob Franck :  Louwe, Joachim . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 293 f., There in particular the correction of the ADB; GND = 136665225
  9. ^ Entry 1468/69 in the Rostock matriculation portal
  10. ^ Entry 1471/72 in the Rostock matriculation portal
  11. ↑ No copies received, see GW
  12. ^ Dieter Lohmeier : The early days of book printing in Lübeck. In: Alken Bruns and Dieter Lohmeier (eds.): The Lübeck book printers in the 15th and 16th centuries. Letterpress for the Baltic region. Boyens, Heide in Holstein 1994, ISBN 3-8042-0668-9 , pp. 11-53, here p. 36; For details on the scope and motivation of the collaboration, see Wolfgang Undorf: From Gutenberg to Luther - Transnational Print Cultures in Scandinavia 1450-1525. Diss. Phil. Berlin 2012 full text , pp. 38–45
  13. ↑ Georg Wilhelm Dittmer : Genealogical and biographical news about Lübeck families from older times , Lübeck 1859, p. 101 ( digitized version )
  14. ↑ Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns , Hugo Rahtgens: The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume IV: The Monasteries. The town's smaller churches. The churches and chapels in the outskirts. Thought and way crosses and the Passion of Christ. Lübeck: Nöhring 1928, facsimile reprint 2001 ISBN 3-89557-168-7 , p. 32; Klaus Krüger: Corpus of medieval grave monuments in Lübeck, Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg 1100-1600 , Jan Thorbeke Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, pp. 796/797 ISBN 3-7995-5940-X
  15. ↑ The "Storm Surge Cup of North Beach"
personal data
SURNAME Leve, Laurens
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Staller's island beach
DATE OF BIRTH before 1448
DATE OF DEATH 1508