Old Church (Pellworm)
The old church of St. Salvator is probably the most important sight on the North Frisian island of Pellworm . The Romanesque church was built around 1200 and shapes the image of the island through the tower ruins.
history
A first church was built in the west of the march island beach built the documents after the 11th century made of wood. The old oak thresholds were discovered during excavations in 1907 under the current apse. The Salvator Church was Christ the Savior (Latin: salvator ) consecrated the world. Since this church building could not withstand the unfavorable weather conditions in the long term, it was replaced by today's stone church around the year 1200. First, in 1195, the choir and apse were built from tuff stone in the east . A short time later, the nave was built from red, burnt bricks in the west .
The church tower was built in the 13th / 14th Century grown. It collapsed in part in 1611 because the foundations, which were apparently not deep enough, could no longer find sufficient support in the marshland. Delayed by the great storm surge of 1634, the Second Grote Mandränke , the re-embankment of the island initially had priority. The renovation of the destroyed western part of the nave was only completed in 1687. In the course of this, the windows were probably also enlarged. The installation of the organ by Arp Schnitger in the years 1710/11 took place parallel to the dike renovation and with the support of the same persons responsible who carried out the dyke construction.
The walls of the apse were performed again in 1913 with copies of the cushion capitals and newly blinded the choir, 1914, the chancel arch and 1928 the roof turret renewed.
Building description
The single-aisled , east-facing sacral building is located on a terp near the old sea dike . The oldest building is the eastern part made of tuff on a foundation and a surrounding base made of sandstone and field stone. A semicircular, recessed apse with a half- conical roof is attached to the rectangular, recessed choir with a gable roof . The original, high-seated, round-arched Romanesque windows with soffits have been preserved or partially reconstructed, two each on the north and south sides of the choir and three in the apse. The latter are attached in three large round arches, which are supported by half- columns. Their late Romanesque cube capitals are decorated with vine leaves and grapes. In the middle there is another small window on the south side of the choir. To the left of this, the choir can be entered through a round arched portal with a cranked base profile.
The nave consists of brickwork , which is externally plastered and painted white and a little on the eastern ridge turret has the 17th century on a pitched roof. In the Baroque era, large, arched, double-stepped windows were broken into on the long sides, three on the south side and two on the north side. The southern long side is closed by a tooth frieze , the northern by a tooth cut . The two Romanesque free columns with cube capitals are integrated into the south portal, which was modified in the late Gothic period. A Gothic pointed arch is attached above the double-tiered vestments . On the north side there are two simple round arched portals. The west side is windowless. Another narrow window is attached to the east end of the south wall. The eastern corners were subsequently reinforced by supporting pillars.
To the east of the church building is the small bell tower , which next to the church building looks rather squat , which was made of mighty tree trunks and has a roof covered with copper sheet . This is where the church bells ring today . The oldest bell by M. Lucas dates from 1605.
The west-facing tower from the Gothic period , which was originally connected to the nave, was a little over 50 meters (52 meters?) High and is now a nesting place for numerous birds, including birds of prey such as the kestrel . Today the three-story tower ruin is still a good 26 meters high. It consists of exposed brick. The old set-up holes for the scaffolding and the remains of the pointed arches are still clearly visible. To this day it is a landmark that can be seen from afar and has served as an orientation for navigation in the Heverstrom for centuries . It was only with the construction of the 41.5 meter high Pellworm lighthouse, completed in 1907, that the ruins of the church tower lost their significance as an optical navigation mark and point of orientation. In the tower ruins there are tombstones from the 16th and 17th centuries. Next to the ruin is the " homeless / nameless cemetery ".
Interior
The flat-roofed interior is closed off by a wooden beam ceiling. Apart from the sacred and furnishings, it is kept rather simple. The bench with carved cheeks from the 17th and early 18th centuries leaves a central aisle free. Round arches made of twisted wrought iron with floral attachments are attached over some of the passages in the stalls, showing flowers in various stages of development from bud to withering. The nave and choir are connected by a large round arched triumphal arch . Two cantilever stones in the triumphal arch support a new wooden crossbeam on which a 16th century triumphal cross is placed.
In the apse is the late Gothic folding winged altar by an unknown master from around 1460, whose workshop is believed to be in Hamburg or Lübeck. The front side shows seven scenes from the passion story of Jesus carved out of oak under canopies with tracery , in the center of the elevated middle field the crucifixion scene. On the inner wings 16 paintings from the life of Mary can be seen, on the back two image fragments from the "Gregory Mass" and the "Martyr's Tree". The two small upper side wings show Anna herself and St. Andreas . The rectangular cafeteria consists of a simple, solid stone slab with several consecration crosses and resting on brickwork. The depiction of the Lord's Supper on the predella comes from a later period.
In the church beside the altar of put bronze cast baptismal font of Hinrich Klinghe back to 1475 and the church organ in the west gallery is the sehenswertesten and culturally important object. The original baptismal font from the 13th century according to the report of Neocorus in the 15th. Robbed by the pirate Cort Wiederich in the 19th century and ended up in St. Clemens in Büsum , where it still stands today. Today's baptism was originally a donation by the Strander Stallers Laurens Leve for the church at Buphever, which went down in 1634. On the wall, which is carried by four deacons, figures of saints and the baptism and crucifixion of Jesus are depicted under arcades with keeled arches. The wooden lantern-shaped attachment from the 17th century can be raised by a mechanism in the ceiling.
The polygonal pulpit from around 1600 is decorated with double corner columns and shows the four evangelists with their symbols from 1624 on the fields. The hexagonal sound cover is crowned by bas-reliefs. The confessional dates from 1691. The chandelier is a replica from 1990 after the old one had to be relinquished in World War II.
On the walls there are epitaphs and paintings by various pastors of the community. The north face is dominated by a large painting from 1735, which dramatically depicts the Last Judgment . On the Edleffsen family's painting epitaph from 1692, Christ explains his teaching to women and children. On the epitaph above the south portal, a pastor family from 1601 is shown under the crucifixion scene. The deceased and stillborn children pray together with the still living and the parents under the cross. To the left of this are the names of the island pastors on a board, to the right of the pulpit on a board the names of those killed in the First World War. On the left and right of the triumphal arch are the portraits of Johannes Heimreich (1586–1664), who worked as pastor and inspector of the Nordstrander churches and was the father of the chronicler Anton Heimreich , with his wife. Pastor Petrus Harrsen and his wife are shown in other portraits from the 18th century on the south wall.
→ Main article: Organ of the Old Church (Pellworm)
The organ is the work of master organ builder Arp Schnitger from the years 1710–1711. It is considered an outstanding example of the art of organ building in the early 18th century. It is set up on the curved gallery, the balustrade of which has turned rod grids between profiled handrails and skirting boards. In the middle part there is an attachment made of acanthus tendrils and volutes that frame three medallions. On the north wall by the organ hangs a plaque with the names of the 52 donors who made it possible to build the organ in 1711: “In honor of GOD and the church of Zum Zierath, the organ is in this church by subordinates as [list of donor names ] Honored, WERE ANNO. 1711. “In the summer months there are regular organ concerts here.
Web links
literature
- Johannes Habich , Christoph Timm, Lutz Wilde (Red.): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1994, ISBN 978-3-422-03120-3 .
- 300 year old Arp Schnitger organ, St. Salvator Pellworm church . Ev. Luth. Parish, Pellworm 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e alte-kirche.de: History , seen on August 5, 2013.
- ↑ 300 years of the Arp Schnitger organ. 2011, p. 6.
- ↑ a b c d Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. 1994, p. 681.
- ↑ a b c d Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. 1994, p. 682.
- ↑ pellworm.de: The Pellworm lighthouse , seen August 5, 2013.
- ↑ 300 years of the Arp Schnitger organ. 2011, pp. 9, 90.
- ↑ pellworm.de: Organ concerts , seen August 5, 2013.
Coordinates: 54 ° 30 ′ 55.8 ″ N , 8 ° 35 ′ 32 ″ E