Lively millet

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Lively millet
Setaria verticillata W IMG 1083.jpg

Whiskered millet ( Setaria verticillata )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Panicoideae
Genre : Bristle millet ( Setaria )
Type : Lively millet
Scientific name
Setaria verticillata
( L. ) P.Beauv.

The whiskered millet ( Setaria verticillata ) or burdock millet is a species of plant that belongs to the genus of the bristle millet ( Setaria ) in the sweet grass family (Poaceae).

description

Illustration with details

The whorled millet is annual and reaches heights of 10 to 100 centimeters. Your stalks are upright or kinky ascending. The ligula forms a ring of hair. The leaves are 4 to 25 cm long and 5 to 21 mm wide.

The inflorescence is contracted to a cylindrical, dense panicle , which is interrupted at most in the lower part. The bristles are 3 to 7 mm long, their spiky hairs are directed backwards, so the inflorescence looks like a burdock. This is a good indicator of the typical variety of this species. The spikelet is elongated-elliptical and 2 to 2.2 mm long. Its upper glume is as long as the spikelet and five-nerved, the lower glume is only 1/3 as long as the spikelet. The lemma of the upper, hermaphrodite flower is thickened with cartilage and, between the slightly protruding keels, slightly wrinkled with narrow, folded side surfaces.

The flowering period extends from June to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Occurrence

The whorled millet occurs in southern and central Europe as far as the Middle East and North Africa . Their home is the tropics and subtropics of the Old World . But it is a neophyte worldwide.

The whorled millet grows in gardens, in root crop fields and in vineyards in dry and warm locations on nutrient-rich and well-fertilized sandy-loamy soils. It is a nitrogen pointer and a heat pointer. It mainly thrives in lower altitudes and only rises in the southern Alps to altitudes of over 1200 meters. It is a species of character of the order Polygono-Chenopodietalia.

variability

Closely related to the whorled millet is a clan that is viewed as a separate species, the deceptive millet or short-bristle millet ( Setaria verticilliformis Dumort. , Syn. Setaria ambigua (Guss.) Guss. Non Mérat , Setaria gussonei Kerguélen ). It can be distinguished by its less dense inflorescence, in which the main axis between the spikelets is visible in the lower part and in which the inflorescence does not look like a burdock because the bristle hairs are directed forward and not backward. Her bristles are only 3 mm long. However, this clan is only presented as a variety ( Setaria verticillata var. Ambigua ( Guss. ) Parl. ) To the whorled millet by other authors .

photos

  • Stem with leaves: the leaf sheath has a hairline at the edge, the leaf blade is glabrous.

  • The ligule is replaced by a lash line.

  • The main axis of the panicle is densely hairy with short bristles.

  • The spikelets sit on branched branches on the panicle axis. The bristle cover of a spikelet consists of 1–3 bristles with downward spiky hairs.

  • The downward spiky hairs cause the panicles to hook into each other - a typical species characteristic.

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 3: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 1 (2). Poaceae (real grasses or sweet grasses) . Parey Buchverlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-8263-2868-X , Setaria verticillata , p. 51–53 (published in deliveries 1979–1998, 1st delivery 1979).
  • William Derek Clayton: Setaria Beauv. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 263–264 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Monika Voggesberger: Setaria Beauv. 1812. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 , pp. 221-229 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  266 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Setaria verticillata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  3. ↑ Benito Valdés, Hildemar Scholz; Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Gerald Parolly (collaborators): Poaceae (pro parte majore). Setaria . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2009. Last accessed on December 21, 2014.
  4. ^ Karl Peter Buttler , Michael Thieme and colleagues: Florenliste von Deutschland - Vascular Plants, Version 6. Frankfurt am Main, August 2014, published on the Internet under [1] . Last accessed on December 21, 2014.
  5. ↑ Hans Joachim Conert (Ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 3: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 1 (2). Poaceae (real grasses or sweet grasses) . Parey Buchverlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-8263-2868-X , Setaria verticillata , p. 51–53 (published in deliveries 1979–1998, 1st delivery 1979).
  6. ↑ Monika Voggesberger: Setaria Beauv. 1812. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 , pp. 221-229 .

Web links

Commons : Whirling millet ( Setaria verticillata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files