Radio opera
The radio opera (also radio opera ) is a special form of the opera music genre . In contrast to this, the radio opera is not staged on a stage , but produced in a radio studio for broadcasting on the radio . Like the related radio play, it is therefore limited to acoustic means of representing the action. These special conditions are taken into account in the composition, so these are not conventional operas that have been adapted for radio broadcast. Funkoper is to opera like a radio play to stage drama . The "radio play with music", which developed into an independent genre in the 1920s, can be seen as a preliminary form.
As early as the mid-1920s, operas from opera houses were broadcast live on the radio. Programs were also created in which existing operas from the repertoire were set up specifically for radio, for example by adding a narrator. The radio play also sought to explore the possibilities of music early on. In some cases, such as Walter Gronostay's radio play mit Musik Mord (1929), the music is the variable that structures and determines the text.
Gustav Kneip's fairy tale opera Christkinds Erdenreise , which was broadcast on December 24, 1929 by Westdeutsche Rundfunk AG (WERAG) , is considered to be the very first radio opera . The decisive initial of a dramatized, funky music form that does justice to the new medium Rado is Der Lindberghflug from 1929 based on a text by Bertolt Brecht and with music by Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith .
This form of opera had a renewed heyday in the 1950s on public broadcasting in the Federal Republic of Germany and some other western European countries, after which its distribution decreased to the point of today's insignificance.
Works
- Walter Gronostay : Murder . A radio play with music (Berliner Funk-Hour, 1929)
- Gustav Kneip : 1929. Christkinds Erdanreise op. 19. Children's opera in four pictures for the radio. Text by Franz Peter Kürten [ WERAG : December 24, 1929]
- Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith : The Lindberghflug (Baden-Baden 1929) based on a text by Bertolt Brecht
- Paul Dessau : Orpheus 1930/1931. Musical radio play. Text by Robert Seitz . (Berlin radio hour: June 1930; as part of the event Neue Musik Berlin, 1930) [Donaueschingen June 18, 1930; Berlin Radio]
- Paul Hindemith : Sabinchen . Musical radio play. Text by Robert Seitz . (Berlin radio hour: June 1930; as part of the event Neue Musik Berlin 1930. And Donaueschingen June 19, 1930)
- Walter Goehr : Malpopita (Funkoper 1931)
- Friedrich Klose : Ilsebill. The fairy tale of the fisherman and his wife edited for the radio. Text by Hugo Hofmann, text; edited by Wolfgang von Waltershausen. (Munich, broadcasting area July 12, 1932)
- Werner Egk : Columbus. Report and portrait [radio opera in three parts] (broadcast on July 13, 1933, Munich transmitter)
- Mark Lothar : The cold heart. Text by Günter Eich based on Wilhelm Hauff (Funkoper, March 24, 1935, Berlin)
- Josef Mraczek : Poor Tobias. (Symphonic opera for radio or concert performance 1936)
- Heinrich Sutermeister : The black spider . . Radio opera in one act. Text by Albert Roesler based on Jeremias Gotthelf (Radio Bern, 1936)
- Gian Carlo Menotti : The old maid and the thief (April 22, 1939 New York, NBC )
- Boris Blacher : The flood according to Guy de Maupassant (radio opera, 1946)
- Hans Werner Henze : A Country Doctor after Kafka (1951)
- Bernd Alois Zimmermann : Man's maintenance process against God . Auto sacramental by Calderón in free design by Hubert Rüttger. Funk opera in three acts for speaker, solos, female choir, male choir, large mixed choir and orchestra (1952)
- Boris Blacher : Abstract Opera No. 1 (1953)
- Hans Werner Henze : The end of a world according to W. Hildesheimer (Funkoper, NDR 1953)
- Henk Badings : Orestes , (Funkoper, 1954 Florence)
- Winfried Zillig : The engagement in St. Domingo according to Kleist (1957)
- Bruno Maderna : Don Perlimplin after García Lorca (1962)
- Hans Ulrich Engelmann : The van Damm case according to M. Kutter, (1966/67)
Some radio operas were subsequently set up for the stage.
Another special form of performance is television opera .
literature
- Lydia Jeschke: From all over the world. Technology and progress in the radio opera. In: Nils Grosch (Hrsg.): Aspects of modern music theater in the Weimar Republic. Waxmann, Münster et al. 2004, ISBN 3-8309-1427-X , pp. 193-207.