Tansy phacelia
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Tansy phacelia ( Phacelia tanacetifolia ) |
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| Phacelia tanacetifolia | ||||||||||||
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The tansy phacelia ( Phacelia tanacetifolia ), also called Büschelschön , is a species of plant from the genus Phacelia in the family of predatory plants (Boraginaceae). The tansy phacelia contains active ingredients that irritate the skin.
features
The tansy phacelia is an annual plant that reaches heights of 20 to 120 centimeters. The stem is covered with long protruding and short downy hairs. The leaves are not white-haired. The inflorescence is almost trugdoldig . The crown is blue. The base of the corolla tube has ten more or less crescent-shaped scales, each paired together at the base of the stamens .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
ecology
The tansy phacelia is an important source of nectar and pollen . Bumblebees , honey bees , wild bees, butterflies and hover flies appear as visitors . Flowering time is from June to October.
The 2-column capsule fruits jump open easily and release the very light, orange-like seeds , which have a warty surface. The seeds are dark germs .
toxicity
As is known from the USA , the tansy phacelia can trigger severe contact allergies. The reason for this is the phacelioid group of substances . Geranylbenzoquinone turned out to be the strongest contact allergen in this group ; but also the geranyl hydroquinone and the farnesyl hydroquinone sensitize strongly. However, in thin-layer chromatographic studies of plants in Central Europe, BM Hausen was unable to detect any phacelioids in the green parts of the plant and only small amounts in the seeds. Climate and site conditions probably also influence allergen production in this plant.
Occurrence
The tansy phacelia occurs in California , Arizona and Mexico on dry, rocky slopes up to altitudes of 2000 meters.
use
The tansy phacelia serves as both an ornamental and a useful plant. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in summer borders . As a useful plant, it is scattered, that is, cultivated individually, in fields as a bee pasture , fodder plant or green manure. The species has been in culture since 1832.
literature
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- BM Hausen, IK Vieluf: Allergy Plants. Handbook and Atlas 2nd edition
- Roth / Daunderer / Kormann: Poisonous plants, plant poisons. 4th edition.
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 775 .
Web links
- Tansy phacelia. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Tansy phacelia . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )