Woolly buttercup

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Woolly buttercup
Woolly buttercup (Ranunculus lanuginosus)

Woolly buttercup ( Ranunculus lanuginosus )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Ranunculeae
Genre : Buttercup ( Ranunculus )
Type : Woolly buttercup
Scientific name
Ranunculus lanuginosus
L.

The woolly buttercup ( Ranunculus lanuginosus L. , including Ranunculus umbrosus Ten. & Guss. ) Is a species of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).

description

Illustration from Jacob Sturm: Germany's Flora , Volume 5, Plate 48

Vegetative characteristics

The woolly buttercup is a deciduous, perennial , herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 70 centimeters. The upright growing, stalk-round, hollow, strongly branched stems are, together with the leaf stalks , protruding rough-haired. The lower leaves are palmate with three to five columns (rarely seven columns) and end in broad, egg-shaped tips; the upper ones are in three parts. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The hermaphroditic flower is usually 20 to 30 millimeters (15 to 40 millimeters) in diameter and is radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five protruding sepals are green. The five shiny petals are deep golden yellow in color. There are many stamens present. The flowering period extends from May to July.

The egg-shaped nuts, which are strongly compressed on the sides, are 4 to 6 millimeters long. The hooked beak is about 1 to 1.5 millimeters long.

Ranunculus lanuginosus occurs both diploid and tetraploid and therefore has the chromosome numbers 2n = 16, 28 or 32.

ecology

The woolly buttercup is a hemicryptophyte .

Both insect pollination ( entomophilia ) and self-pollination occur.

The nuts are mainly subject to the spread of ants ; although the wing-edged, beaked nuts also appear suitable for glider, Velcro and water-stick spreading.

Occurrence

The woolly buttercup has its main distribution in Europe and occurs from Denmark to Sicily and Albania. To the east it penetrates as far as Russia and the Caucasus.

The woolly buttercup grows in deciduous forests, especially beech forests. It prefers fresh to moist, nutrient-rich and mostly calcareous soils . It is a Fagetalia-order character in Central Europe and has its focus in societies of the associations Fagion and Tilio-Acerion.

In Germany the species is scattered overall, but in parts quite widespread. However, it is lacking in northwest Germany over longer stretches. The woolly buttercup is common in Austria and Switzerland. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part at the foot of the Jöchelspitze up to 2050 m above sea level.

photos

Woolly buttercup:

  • blossom
  • Foliage leaf
  • fruit

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Woolly buttercup. In: FloraWeb.de.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Woolly buttercup. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). Page 124, Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6
  3. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition, page 411. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 540.

Web links

Commons : Woolly Buttercup ( Ranunculus lanuginosus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files