Rough violet

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Rough violet
Rough violet (viola hirta)

Rough violet ( viola hirta )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Violet family (Violaceae)
Genre : Violets ( viola )
Type : Rough violet
Scientific name
Viola hirta
L.

The rough violet or wire-haired violet ( Viola hirta ) is a species of plant from the violet family (Violaceae). It is common in the temperate areas of Asia and Europe .

description

The plants reach heights of 3 to 10 (25) centimeters and grow without any underground runners. The leaves are weakly heart-shaped at the base, with a shallow, wide bay and are 1.5 to 10 centimeters long and 1 to 6 centimeters wide (length / width ratio: 1.5 to 2 times). Just like the 3 to 12 centimeter long flower stalks, they are hairy protruding and, like these, arise at the base of the stem axis , so they are basal. The fringes of the stipules are much shorter than the wide stipules. The bracts of the flower stalks are below the center.

Viola hirta illustration in: Jakob Sturm: "Germany's flora in illustrations", Stuttgart (1796). Attention: The color of the flowers and the shape of the leaf base are not well matched!

Rough violets bloom from March to May with 12 to 22 millimeters large, strong blue-violet colored, odorless flowers that have an upturned, 3 to 5 millimeter long spur that is darker than the crown. The petals are all sanded out.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 20 or 26.

Rough violet ( viola hirta )
Rough violet ( viola hirta )

ecology

The rough violet is a rosette plant without runners . The hairiness of the plant and the deep roots can be interpreted as an adaptation to dry locations. Flowering time is from March to May.

The seeds are often of ants eaten, since they have a nutritious appendix. The animals transport them over long distances and thus help the plant to spread.

Occurrence

The species grows as deep-rooted in light oak and pine dry forests , in sunny to partially shaded edges of bushes and on bricks - semi-dry grass . It prefers nutrient and base-rich (but low-nitrogen), mostly calcareous clay, loam or loess soils. In Central Europe it is a character species of the order Origanetalia, but also occurs in societies of the associations Mesobromion, Berberidion, Erico-Pinion, the order Quercetalia pubescenti or the sub-association Cephalanthero-Fagenion.

In Central Europe, there are high altitudes from the plains to middle mountain areas (in Austria up to 1400 m above sea level). In Bavaria, in the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 1400 meters on the Himmelschrofen . The rough violet is quite common in central locations and in limestone areas; in the North German lowlands, for example, it is rare or absent. The overall distribution is Eurasian-sub-Mediterranean; the area of ​​the species extends over large parts of Europe and the Caucasus to Central Asia ( Siberia , northwest China ).

Subspecies

According to Helmut Gams and W. Becker at Gustav Hegi , two subspecies can be distinguished:

  • Viola hirta subsp. brevifimbriata W. Becker
  • Viola hirta subsp. longifimbriata W. Becker

Sources and further information

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . - Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 6th edition 1990. ISBN 3-8001-3454-3
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Volume V.1. 1st edition. Munich 1925, pages 638-640.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  677 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 230.

Web links

Commons : Raues Veilchen ( Viola hirta )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files