Reeve
Reeve (also bailiff , German 'Vogt', French Bailiare bailli ) was an official designation in medieval England , from which a family name was derived.
origin
Reeve comes from the Old English gerēfe , which is related to German greve .
The name comes from the Norman -influenced England, where the Reeve was a representative of the Earl 'Graf', who was administrator, tax collector and lay judge (prosecutor and judge) at the same time. He was also responsible for the immediate national defense and the formation of men for the army of his master. In the event of a crime, he organized (with the help of the constable ) the pursuit of a fugitive and was also called to major accidents.
Derived from the term Shire-Reeve , the term sheriff is still used today . The term is derived from the Old English word Sċīrġerēfa . Sċīr denotes an administrative unit, comparable to a county ( Shire ). In Anglo-Saxon England the Sċīrġerēfa or Shire-Reeve was a high administrative officer, comparable to a bailiff .
From the Anglo-Saxon period, the term sheriff was retained for individual cities and areas immediately adjacent to the crown , which were comparable in function. The Reeve got his office as administrator and he could be recalled at any time, so it was not a feudal relationship, but a pure employment relationship. Still, it usually meant an award for the free and the lower nobility who were made Reeve. In addition to the right to live in a castle (usually very small, sometimes only consisting of a keep), the supply of food and heating material and a certain income were associated with it.
Historically, the establishment of this system went back to the establishment of Norman rule under William the Conqueror and was a network of protective and fortresses built according to the needs of the time . As a result, both the size of the jurisdiction and the Reeve's revenues varied widely. The Reeve later enjoyed a high reputation among the population, but the office was also frequently abused.
The lands of feudal lords of the feudal lord could also lie within the legal area. In these the Reeve had no rights; in his administrative district he was about a knight in rights, but not equal in dignity. In the course of increasing settlement, the administration became more and more centralized, whereby the office lost its importance and was mainly given to members of the ruling family. Some of the Bailiwicks also went into hereditary fiefs from the crown. Formally, two Bailiwicks still exist today : the Channel Islands Jersey and Guernsey . However, they have no bailifs, but are administered directly by the Crown.
Name bearer
- Anthony Reeve (1938-2014), British diplomat
- Arthur Benjamin Reeve (1880–1936), American journalist and writer
- Arthur WV Reeve ( Arthur Wellesley Vivian Reeve ; 1912-2002), New Zealand scout functionary
- Aubrey Reeve (1911–1996), British athlete
- Birdie Reeve Kay (1907–1996), American entertainer and chess player
- Christopher Reeve (1952-2004), American actor, director and writer
- Clara Reeve (1729–1807), British writer
- Dana Reeve (1961-2006), American actress and singer
- FD Reeve ( Franklin Delano Reeve ; 1928–2013), American poet and translator
- Henry Reeve (journalist) (1813–1895), British journalist
- Henry Reeve (General) (1850–1876), American-Cuban general and freedom fighter
- Henry Fenwick Reeve (1854–1920), British colonial administrator and writer
- John Reeve de la Pole (1808–1874), British nobleman
- Louisa Reeve (* 1984), British rower
- Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814-1865), British malacologist
- Michael D. Reeve (* 1943), British classical philologist
- Philip Reeve (born 1966), British writer
- Simon Reeve (* 1972), British journalist and writer
- Sue Reeve (born 1951), British athlete
- Tapping Reeve (1744-1823), American lawyer
- Tommy Reeve (* 1980), German pop singer
- William Reeve (1757–1815), British composer and organist
literature
- Alan Harding: Reeve . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 7, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7608-8907-7 , Sp. 540.