Robert Castel

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Robert Castel (born March 27, 1933 in Saint-Pierre-Quilbignon , today a district of Brest , † March 12, 2013 in Vincennes ) was a French sociologist .

Life

Castel worked with Pierre Bourdieu in the 1960s ; then he became interested in psychoanalysis and psychiatry . He undertook a critical sociological analysis of these areas and approached Michel Foucault . Eventually Castel turned to the phenomenon of social exclusion, exclusion . He tries to understand why wage labor , which historically had been a socially despised position, gradually became a model: wage labor acquired a social status with a certain social identity. However, it is a model that started in the 21st century through the emergence of aThe precariat , in turn, has got into a socio-political structural crisis.

Robert Castel was research director at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales and co-founder of the Groupe d'analyse du social et de la sociabilité (GRASS group).

Research areas

Castel conducted research on transformations of employment, work and social security, the emergence of precariousness and the fragility of the individual.

Castel's zones of labor society

(Self) classification of workers, employees and unemployed:

The zone transitions are fluid. Within a zone, criteria such as gross monthly income, job security, work experience, influence / development opportunities at work, feelings of frustration and description of status are experienced and weighted differently by the wage workers. Life planning ranges from “long-term” of the integrated groups to “daily” of the decoupled.

(Dis) integration potential of gainful employment - a typology:

Zone of integration

1) Secure integration ("The Secure")
2) Atypical integration ("The unconventional" or "self-manager")
3) Insecure integration ("The Insecure")
4) Integration at risk ("Those in danger of relegation")

Zone of precariousness

5) Precarious employment as an opportunity / temporary integration ("Die Hoffenden")
6) Precarious employment as a permanent arrangement ("The Realists")
7) Defused precariousness ("The Satisfied")

Zone of decoupling

8) Overcoming exclusion ("those willing to change")
9) Controlled exclusion / staged integration ("the suspended")

Examples:

ad 1) (31%): the permanent employee with a gross monthly income of> 2000 €
ad 2) (3.1%): Freelancers in the IT industry, advertising specialists, temporary workers who subjectively compensate for their employment risk by gaining freedom, identifying with their job and enjoying their job.
ad 3) (12.9%): highly stressful employment insecurity, a younger employee attends a further training course before the company is closed in order to "iron out" any kink in his career himself.
ad 4) (33.1%): highly stressful job insecurity, an older / unskilled worker fears a kink in his career that is difficult to correct.
ad 5) (3.1%): A young temporary worker regards his precarious employment relationship as a stepping stone into normal employment. (Adhesive effect)
ad 6) (4.8%): the older contract worker who pragmatically and without illusion fits into the commuting between contract work and unemployment.
ad 7) (5.9%): the additional earner who increases the partner's living income in a stable partnership; a typical distribution of gender roles that can change if he is unemployed.
ad 8) (1.7%): sees himself as unemployed, actively seeks work.
ad 9) (3.9%): long-term unemployed young people (with a migration background). They have given up hope of integration into the normative work process and suffer a gradual disintegration of the sense of space and time. They do odd jobs in the informal social network of the family and the neighborhood.

bibliography

Monographs

French titles with German translations are listed:

  • 1973: Le psychanalisme.
  • 1976: L'ordre psychiatrique. L'âge d'or de l'aliénisme.
    • German edition: The psychiatric order. The golden age of the insane. Translated from the French by Ulrich Raulff . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1979, ISBN 3-518-07501-2
  • 1979: La société psychiatrique avancée.
    • German edition: Psychiatization of everyday life. Production and marketing of psycho goods in the USA. Together with Françoise Castel and Anne Lovell. Translated from the French by Christa Schulz. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-518-57604-6
  • 1995: Les métamorphoses de la question sociale, une chronique du salariat.
    • German edition: The metamorphoses of the social question. A chronicle of wage labor. UVK, Konstanz 2000, ISBN 978-3-86764-067-1
  • 2003: L'insécurité sociale: qu'est-ce qu'être protégé? Editions du Seuil u. La République des Idées, Paris
  • 2007: La discrimination négative.
    • German edition: Negative Discrimination. Youth revolts in the Paris banlieus. Translated from the French by Thomas Laugstien. Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86854-201-1
  • 2009: La montée des incertitudes. Travail, protections, statut de l'individu. Éditions du Seuil, Paris
    • German edition: The crisis of work. New uncertainties and the future of the individual. Translated from the French by Thomas Laugstien. Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86854-228-8

editor

  • 2009: precariousness, decline, exclusion. The social question at the beginning of the 21st century. Together with Klaus Dörre. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-593-38732-1

literature

  • Ulrich Brinkmann, Klaus Dörre , Silke Röbenack, Klaus Kraemer and Frederic Speidel: Precarious work. Causes, extent, social consequences and subjective forms of processing insecure employment relationships . Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bonn 2006, ISBN 3-89892-309-6 ( PDF )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Robert Castel, Klaus Dörre (Ed.): Prekarität, Abstieg, Ausschluss. The social question at the beginning of the 21st century. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, p. 422
  2. ^ Ulrich Brinkmann, Klaus Dörre, Silke Röbenack, Klaus Kraemer and Frederic Speidel: Precarious work. Causes, extent, social consequences and subjective forms of processing insecure employment relationships . Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Bonn 2006
personal data
SURNAME Castel, Robert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French sociologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 27, 1933
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint-Pierre-Quilbignon , now part of Brest
DATE OF DEATH 12th March 2013
Place of death Vincennes