Robert Preussler

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robert Preussler

Robert Preußler ( pseudonym Robert von der Iser ) (born August 26, 1866 in Antoniwald near Gablonz , † February 16, 1942 in Salzburg ) was an Austrian politician of the SDAP and journalist. He was also a member of the Salzburg State Parliament , President of the Provisional State Assembly, a member of the Constituent National Assembly and the Federal Council in Austria and co-founder of the Salzburg Festival .

education and profession

Robert Preußler was born the son of a glass merchant who founded workers' education associations and other popular educational institutions. After completing his apprenticeship as a glassblower, he graduated from commercial training school and then worked as a glassblower.

At the age of 18 he gave lessons in the North Bohemian Workers' Education Association and published a newsletter. In 1885 he was charged with treason and secret association on political grounds and spent a year in prison in Prague. In 1890, after a riot among the glassblowers of the Jizera Mountains, he founded the first association of glass workers and the newspaper "Die Glasarbeiter", which was banned in 1891. In the same year Preußler became editor of the newspaper “Solidarität” in Reichenberg ; between 1898 and 1905 he was co-editor and co-author of the "Rübezahl", a monthly magazine for folk humor, dialect and local history, which was named after the mountain spirit of the Giant Mountains .

On the initiative of Viktor Adler , he wrote for the Arbeiter-Zeitung, went to Vienna in 1901, where he wrote for trade union journals, and moved to Salzburg in 1903 . From 1904 he worked there as party secretary of the Salzburg social democratic workers' organization. In addition, he was editor from 1904 to 1907 and from 1904 to 1934 editor of the “Salzburger Wacht. Organ for the entire working people ”.

Politics and functions

Robert Preussler was elected state shop steward for Lower Austria at the Lower Austrian trade union congress in 1903 . Shortly afterwards, in 1904, he took over the office of regional party chairman of the Social Democratic Party in Salzburg, where he held this position until the party was banned in 1934. In 1904 he founded the first workers' consumer association and expanded the "Salzburger Wacht" from a weekly newspaper to a daily newspaper. He was involved in popular education in the cultural field, was a co-founder of the Salzburg Festival , art patron and poet.

On September 16, 1909 Preussler became the first social democratic member of the state parliament in the Salzburg state parliament, was a member of it until 1918 and in 1914 was the first social democratic councilor. On November 3, 1918, after the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , he became a member of the provisional state assembly, where he was elected president of the provisional state assembly together with Alois Winkler and Max Ott at the meeting on November 7, 1918 . The three presidents of the state assembly were initially equal and led both the provisional state assembly and the Salzburg state government. According to the law of November 14, 1918, which concerned the assumption of state power in the federal states, the designation “state president” had to be replaced by the designation “state governor”. In addition, deputy governors were introduced and the previously equal status of the provincial presidents no longer existed. As a result, a governor and three deputies were elected on November 29, 1918, with Robert Preussler being elected to the office of deputy governor. Together with the governor, two other deputies and the six provincial councilors, he formed the Winkler provincial government and chaired the Salzburg state parliament together with the governor and the other deputies.

Robert Preussler was a member of the Salzburg state parliament until February 16, 1934 and was a deputy governor of the state governments up to that day. From 1914 to 1920 he was the first social democratic councilor of the city of Salzburg from March 4, 1919 to May 21, 1919, a member of the constituent national assembly. From December 1, 1920 to May 27, 1932 he represented the Social Democratic Party in the Austrian Federal Council.

During the February uprising in 1934 against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss , Robert Preussler was arrested for political reasons and lost his political offices as a result. In 1962 a street in Salzburg was named after him. It is located in the Alpine settlement in the Salzburg-Süd district .

Publications

  • From quiet hours. Poems and songs by Hermann Preußler . Verlag des Rübezahl, Friedland in Böhmen (approx. 1890).
  • Solidarity. Organ for the interests of all workers in the glass, porcelain and pottery industries. Editor: Robert Preussler. Appelt, Reichenberg 1891 ff.
  • May bells. Festschrift in memory of May 1, 1892 . Red, Robert Preussler. Solidarity publishing house, Gablonz a. N. 1892.
  • Friedrich Engels is dead! In: Arbeiterińnen-Zeitung. Social democratic body for women and girls . Vienna, No. 16 of August 15, 1895.
  • On the day of Friedrich Engels' death . In: The Union. Correspondence body of the industrial workers' associations in Austria . Vienna. No. 8 of August 15, 1895.
  • Activity report of the Austrian Trade Union Commission for 1894 to 1896 and the minutes of the 2nd Austrian Trade Union Congress held from 25 to 29 December 1896 . Vienna 1897 (together with Anton Hueber)
  • Report to the International Glass Workers' Congress in Berlin in 1898 on the wage and work conditions and the organization of glass workers in Austria, submitted by the delegate of the Union . Bergmann, Vienna 1898.
  • Franz Grundmann, Robert Preußer: From the wills. As Schleifer-Seff d'r tells stories and purrs . Verlag des Rübezahl, Friedland in Böhmen 1902.

literature

  • Josef Kaut: Robert Preussler . In: work and echo. Great figures of Austrian socialism . Verlag der Wiener Volksbuchhandlung, Vienna 1964, pp. 306–313.
  • J. Kaut:  Preussler, Robert. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 8, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 271 f. (Direct links on p. 271 , p. 272 ).
  • Karl Zenker: Robert Preussler. An important worker leader from the Jizera Mountains. In: Isergebirgs-Rundschau Kd. 52 BC 1 (1998), pp. 5-6.
  • Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg , Helmut Slapnicka (Hrsg.): Biographical lexicon for the history of the Bohemian countries. Volume 3: N - Sch. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum. Oldenbourg, Munich et al. 2000, ISBN 3-486-55973-7 , p. 311.
  • Richard Voithofer: Political Elites in Salzburg. A biographical handbook from 1918 to the present (= series of publications by the Research Institute for Political and Historical Studies of the Dr. Wilfried Haslauer Library, Salzburg. Vol. 32). Böhlau, Vienna et al. 2007, ISBN 978-3-205-77680-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Printed in: Their names live on through the centuries. Condolences and necrologists on the deaths of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 422 f.
  2. ↑ Printed in: Their names live on through the centuries. Condolences and necrologists on the deaths of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 424 f.
personal data
SURNAME Preussler, Robert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Iser, Robert von der (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer, editor and politician (SDAP), member of the state parliament, member of the National Council, member of the Federal Council
DATE OF BIRTH August 26, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Antoniwald near Gablonz
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1942
Place of death Salzburg