Romuald I.
Romuald I (also: Romoald, Romwald ; † 687 ) was Duke of Benevento from 662 to 687 .
Life
Romuald was the eldest son of the dux of Benevento and later the Longobard king Grimoald and his wife Ita.
When Grimoald became king in 662, he made Romuald dux of Benevento.
In 662, the Byzantine emperor Constans II landed with his army near Taranto . He conquered numerous cities in Benevento. Luceria ( Lucera ) was razed to the ground, the strongly fortified Agerentia ( Acerenza ) was able to hold out. Dux Romuald sent messengers from besieged Benevento to his father Grimoald, asking for reinforcements. Grimoald left his palace in the care of the dux Lupus of Friuli and marched on Benevento. When Konstans II learned of the near Grimoald, he was u. a. Romuald's sister Gisa hostage and started peace negotiations. The negotiations failed and he withdrew to Naples fighting. After the Byzantine Optimat (general) Saburrus and 20,000 soldiers were defeated by Romuald on the Forino River , Konstans withdrew to Sicily in 663.
Around 664 Grimoald married his son Romuald to Theuderada, daughter of the dux Lupus of Friuli. With her he had three sons: Grimoald II , Gisulf I and Arichis. Romuald gave up the anti-Catholic policies of his predecessors, probably under the influence of his wife. Theuderada and Bishop Barbatus were very successful in proselytizing the semi-pagan or irreligious Longobards.
Alzeco (also Alzek), a khagan (prince) of the proto-Bulgarians , crossed the Alps in 667 and moved peacefully with his army to northern Italy in the area around Ravenna . Grimoald sent him to Benevento, where dux Romuald received him kindly. Alzeco were u. a. the cities of Sepinum ( Sepino ), Bovianum ( Bojano ) and Isernia in the Molise region were awarded, provided that he renounced the title of dux and his claim to power and accepted the title of gastaldius .
After his father Grimoald died in 671, Romuald gave the new King Perctarit his wife Rodelinda and son Cunincpert , who had been hostages in Benevento for 9 years. A few years later Romuald married his son and designated successor Grimoald II with Perctarit's daughter Wigilinde.
In the 680 he years conquered Romuald the Byzantine cities Tarentum (Taranto) and Brundisium ( Brindisi ) and large areas of southern Italy. At that time his wife Theuderada had St. Peter's Church and a nunnery built in front of the city walls of Benevento.
When Romuald died in 687, Grimoald II succeeded him as dux of Benevento.
swell
literature
- Wilfried Menghin : The Lombards . Stuttgart 1985.
- Jörg Jarnut : History of the Longobards , Stuttgart 1982. ISBN 3-17-007515-2 . ( Storia dei Longobardi , Torino 1995).
- Romualdo I (o Romoaldo) duca di Benevento. In: Enciclopedie on line. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome.
- Paulus Diaconus: History of the Langobards (English)
- Ludo Moritz Hartmann : History of Italy in the Middle Ages Vol. 2.1 . Leipzig 1900, p. 249ff. (partially overhauled)
- Thomas Hodgkin: Italy and her Invaders Vol VI, p. 272ff (partially outdated)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum IV, 46
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum IV, 51
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 6
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 7
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 17
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 8
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 9
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 10-11
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 25
- ↑ Hartmann: History of Italy in the Middle Ages, vol. 2,1 p. 270f
- ^ Hodgkin: Italy and her Invaders VI, p. 287
- ↑ Friedhelm Winkelmann u. a .: Prosopography of the Middle Byzantine Period , Vol. 1, Walter de Gruyter Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-11-015179-0 , p. 62f.
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 29
- ↑ Historia Langobardorum V, 33
- ↑ a b c d Historia Langobardorum VI, 1-2
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Grimoald |
Duke of Benevento 662–687 |
Grimoald II. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Romuald I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Romwald; Romoald |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Benevento (662–687) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 7th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | 687 |