Rothe pharmacy

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The Rothe Apotheke (today "MediosApotheke Hackescher Markt" ) is the oldest pharmacy in Berlin. After restoration work, the historical interior is largely intact and is since the 1960s under monument protection . It is located in the Mitte district of Berlin , in the Rosenthaler Strasse house at the corner of Neue Schönhauser Strasse.

history

In 1709 Berlin became a residential city ​​through the unification of the previously autonomous cities of Berlin , Cölln , Friedrichswerder , Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt . After taking office in 1713, King Friedrich Wilhelm I promoted the expansion of Friedrichstadt, which is now part of Berlin. Almost a thousand new houses were built here between 1725 and 1737. Mostly two-story, they were aligned with strict regularity in accordance with the architectural ideas of the Baroque urban planning . In order to promote the expansion of Berlin, the king often gave away building sites with the obligation to build a house. Among the recipients of the gift was the councilor and personal physician of the king, Dr. August Buddeus (1696-1753). He was assigned a plot of land at 22 Kochstrasse in Friedrichstadt.

After Buddeus had a house built in 1732, on August 25 of the same year he sent a request to Friedrich Wilhelm I to give him permission to run a pharmacy. As early as September 7th, the king granted Buddeus the privilege of "... setting up a medicine pharmacy with the material trade in his house on Friedrichstadt all here ...". In the same year the "Rothe Apotheke" was opened. This grant of the privilege is remarkable in two ways. At one point, the Prussian Medical Regulations of 1724, which Friedrich Wilhelm I himself had enacted, clearly forbade doctors from owning pharmacies. This provision has been found in many medical laws since the medical regulations of Friedrich II von Hohenstaufen in 1231. On the other hand, according to the royal resolution of 1720, the existing pharmacies should be reduced and no new privileges should be granted in Berlin. Buddeus had made great contributions to field surgery and anatomy . It can therefore be assumed that Buddeus was granted the privilege, contrary to all legal regulations, because of his achievements in the areas mentioned.

Buddeus, who had the pharmacy managed by a provisional agent, died in 1753. His widow applied to Frederick II to grant the family the privilege and be able to sell it cheaply. The application was granted and the condition issued to sell the privilege only to a pharmacist.

1754 to 1806

In April 1754 August Friedemann Thierfelder bought the widow of Dr. Buddeus the privilege for 300 thalers. Thierfelder, who came from Schenkenburg in Saxony, had heard of the “medicinischen collegia” in Berlin and acquired citizenship . Soon afterwards he asked the king to be allowed to move the pharmacy in front of the Spandauer Tor . At that time, many new houses were being built in front of the Spandauer Tor, and there was still no pharmacy there. By cabinet order of October 8, 1754, Thierfelder was allowed to move the pharmacy. He bought a house from city councilor Johann Friedrich Berg and moved the pharmacy there. At this point - Rosenthaler Straße, corner Neue Schönhauser Straße - the pharmacy is still located today.

In 1758 Thierfelder received the license to operate the pharmacy. From now on the pharmacy was called "Rothe Apotheke". Thierfelder died in 1759. The pharmacy privilege and the house are sold to Karl Jacob Fritze for 7,820 thalers. In 1767 Carl Ludwig Kobes bought the pharmacy for 9,000 thalers. When he died in 1794, the pharmacy was run by an administrator for his widow Catharina Amalia. On April 24, 1799, the older son, Johann Carl Friedrich Kobes, bought the pharmacy and the entire inventory from his mother for 8,000 thalers.

1806 to 1863

When Napoleon moved into Berlin in 1806 and imposed war tax on the city, like all of his conquered cities, the Berlin pharmacies also had to pay the French a levy of 3,575 Reichstalers. The Rothe pharmacy was counted among the largest pharmacies in Berlin and classified with 300 Reichstalers. In 1811 the Rothe pharmacy was mortgaged with 20,300 Reichstalers, of which 14,300 Reichstaler fell on the house, since the pharmacy alone did not have the value. In 1820 Kobes was able to sell the pharmacy to Friedrich Wilhelm Erdmann Römhild for 56,000 Reichstaler and retired at the age of 49. In 1828 Johann Jacob Hertz became the new owner of the pharmacy. Just nine years later, in 1837, Hertz sold the pharmacy to Carl Ludwig Kuhtz for a profit of 11,000 thalers. Kuhtz is described as a very art-loving man who, after completing his studies, visited Lausanne and Rome in 1834 and belonged there to Thorvaldsen's inner circle . As a pharmacy owner, Kuhtz was active in the city parliament of Berlin. In 1851 Kuhtz sold the pharmacy to Wilhelm Blell. Blell, who was chairman of the Berliner Apothekerverein from 1861, had to sell in 1863 for health reasons.

1863 to 1907

Laboratory around 1886

The new owner Carl Arnold Marggraff became known for his local political work in Berlin. 1834 as the son of the headmaster Dr. Franz Eberhard Marggraff Born in Berlin, Carl Arnold Marggraff began his apprenticeship as a pharmacist. After his assistantship in Altona and his studies in Berlin, he initially owned the “König Salomon” pharmacy in Berlin. In 1863 he bought the Rothe pharmacy. In addition to his political activities - Marggraff was a board member of the North German Pharmacists 'Association and a member of the Berlin Pharmacists' Association - he was active in community life.

In the city council of Berlin since 1866, Marggraff, as city councilor, was responsible for the city's foundation deputation and the city's sewerage department. Together with Rudolf Virchow and James Hobrecht , he consistently implemented the sewer system in Berlin. In this context, the sewage fields were created in Berlin. But the acquisition of a large part of land and forest for Berlin is also thanks to his initiative. Carl Arnold Marggraff was awarded honorary citizenship of the city of Berlin in 1911 for his meritorious work.

The economic situation of the pharmacy owners had deteriorated to their disadvantage at the end of the 19th century. The emerging pharmaceutical industry strongly pushed the pharmacy back as the sole pharmaceutical manufacturer. In 1862 the pharmacies had to give up the manufacturing monopoly for chemicals. The drug tax has been revised and the prices have been adjusted and reduced to the changed conditions of large-scale production. In 1869 the "Ordinance on the Debit of Medicinal Products" was issued. This concerned the listing of pharmacy-only medicinal products. The result was that all items not mentioned there that were previously in pharmacies were now sold by drugstores . The many existing drugstores thus represented competition for the pharmacies. In addition, the legal provisions on the granting of licenses were softened, which resulted in an increase in the number of pharmacies.

The tasks of the pharmacy changed, which was also noticeable in the spatial design of new pharmacies. The Offizin became more and more as the most important room of a pharmacy in the foreground. Carl Arnold Marggraf also had to adapt to this development. When a new four-storey building was erected after the old house was demolished, the store got its splendid and impressive appearance. The many dozen fans, artistic carvings and the Rococo -style ceiling painting can still be admired today . The basement rooms housed a laboratory for the production of plant sap and malt extracts. Mineral waters and magnesium supplements were also produced. The Rothe Apotheke's mineral water was well known throughout the city. The Rothe Apotheke was also the first pharmacy in Berlin to have a telephone connection, as can be seen in the telephone directory from 1881. In the early years , the pharmacy was one of the best known in the city. After the renovation of the Rothe pharmacy, the son of Carl Arnold Marggraff, Johannes Marggraff, took over the management of the pharmacy. From 1892 Johannes Marggraff was on the board of the Berliner Apothekerverein as a cashier and from 1901 to 1907 as chairman. Johannes Marggraff died in 1907 at the age of only 45.

1907 to 1945

In the same year, Dr. Wilhelm Wartenberg took over the pharmacy from the Marggraff heirs. In 1907 he became a member of the Berlin Pharmacists' Association. Together with the pharmacists Seydel and Wolschläger, Wartenberg published a “Specialty Tax for Greater Berlin”. From 1910 he was in charge of the commission for processing the specialty tax of the German Pharmacists' Association. In addition, Wartenberg was chairman of the Chamber of Pharmacists for the Province of Brandenburg and the City of Berlin and a member of the Reich Health Council. In 1929, Wartenberg initiated the renovation of the pharmacy front. This gave the building a modern look. After completing his studies in 1931, Fritz Wartenberg, son of Wilhelm Wartenberg, worked in the pharmacy.

After the National Socialist seizure of power in 1933, Wilhelm Wartenberg was dismissed from all offices due to his Jewish descent. When the " Aryanization " of German pharmacies was initiated, the Wartenberg family first had to lease the pharmacy to the pharmacist Marheine. 1937 was forced Wartenberg, the Rothe pharmacy for 110,000 Reichsmark to the pharmacist Dr. Richard Berger, a member of the NSDAP , for sale. In 1938, the actress Liane Haid acquired the pharmacy store Rosenthaler Strasse on the corner of Neue Schönhauser Strasse. Part of the Wartenberg family emigrated to the USA after the pharmacy and house were sold. Wilhelm Wartenberg stayed in Berlin and died on January 27, 1942, presumably of a heart attack on a park bench in Wilmersdorf. His wife was deported and killed in the concentration camp. Fritz Wartenberg managed to emigrate to England. Berger was the owner of the pharmacy until 1945 and committed suicide in May 1945.

1945 to 1954

After the capitulation of the German Reich , the pharmacy remained closed until November 1945. After that, Ms. Berger leased to the pharmacist Arndt and continued her interrupted pharmacy studies from 1947 to 1948. After her state examination , she managed the pharmacy until 1953.

With the founding of the GDR , extensive new provisions came into effect. With the “Ordinance on the New Regulation of Pharmacy” of July 22, 1949, all hereditary and alienable pharmacy operating rights expired. In its place came the state authorization to operate a pharmacy. The private pharmacies still existing alongside the state pharmacies were included in the implementation of the supply tasks for all pharmacies. Caring for the population became a social task. 1953 Mrs. Berger left the GDR. The pharmacy was closed and the property was administered by the Greater Berlin City Administration. At the end of 1953, the magistrate commissioned the pharmacist Magdalena Dreger to prepare the opening of the pharmacy. The current value of the pharmacy with the equipment and the work equipment was estimated at 16,400.00 marks of the GDR. According to Dreger, the pharmacy was in poor condition. Some rooms had to be redesigned in accordance with legal requirements. The equipment has also been fundamentally changed.

1954 to 1991

The reopening of the former Rothe Apotheke as the first municipal pharmacy in the Berlin-Mitte district under the name Berolina-Apotheke took place on April 1, 1954. Dreger managed the pharmacy until May 1965 and then retired for reasons of age. Her successor was Gotthold Falk, who left the pharmacy in 1967. On July 1st of the same year the pharmacist Dieter Terborg took over the management of the pharmacy. In 1971, the city council for health and social affairs of the magistrate appointed him deputy city district pharmacist and also revision pharmacist for the territory of the capital of the GDR. After taking over the management of the Berolina pharmacy, Dieter Terborg intensified his collaboration with the doctors at the neighboring St. Hedwig Hospital . Advanced training for both health professions was carried out under his leadership.

Between 1966 and 1972, the pharmacy was reconstructed. A neighboring shop could be rented and converted into a storage room. The working and living conditions of the employees have been continuously improved. Additional and conservation work was carried out on the wood furnishings of the Offizin, carried out by a cabinet maker from the Bode Museum . Finally, in 1972, the ceiling painting was renewed by a restorer. In March 1978, the city district council appointed Dieter Terborg as director of the pharmacy and medical technology division in Berlin-Mitte, which later became the pharmaceutical center. At the same time he remained pharmacy manager. The appointment also included the function of the district pharmacist. In 1979 pharmacist Terborg switched to the newly opened Heinrich-Klaprith-Apotheke. From that time on, Mrs. Waltraud Kadlcik managed the Berolina pharmacy until 1991.

1991 to 2020

As part of the privatization of the state pharmacies after German reunification , the pharmacist Kadlcik and the pharmacist Wald were given the option to run the pharmacy as a private pharmacy. Both ran the Berolina pharmacy as part of a general partnership until 1997. In 1990 the film actress Liane Haid asserted claims to ownership of the house at Rosenthaler Strasse on the corner of Neue Schönhauser Strasse. These were rejected. The house was returned to Wilhelm Wartenberg's granddaughter, Carla Wartenberg, who lived in London. She had the house reconstructed in the style that her grandfather Wilhelm Wartenberg had rebuilt in 1929. In 1997 the two pharmacists' existing open trading company was dissolved and Kadlcik has been running the pharmacy alone since then. On February 28, 2005, Kadlcik retired due to reasons of age. From March 2005 Michael Kayser will become the new owner of the Berolina pharmacy. He ended his activity in May 2006. On May 15, 2006 the pharmacist Manfred Schneider acquired the pharmacy. Since then it has been called BerlinApotheke Hackescher Markt. In 2019 the pharmacy was renamed MediosApotheke Hackescher Markt and led by Anike Oleski.

literature

  • Stadtarchiv Berlin, No. 11023, documents on the Rothen pharmacy .
  • Ernst Fidicin : Berlin historically and topographically . Berlin 1843.
  • W. Schneider: Berlin, a cultural history in pictures and documents. G. Kiepenheuer Verlag, Leipzig / Weimar 1980.
  • GE Then: Introduction to Pharmaceutical History . Stuttgart 1975.
  • M. Stürzbecher: Berlin's old pharmacies . Bruno Hessling Publishing House, Berlin 1965.
  • F. Wartenberg: 200 years of Rothe pharmacy in Berlin . Berlin 1932.
  • A. Adlung: The Berlin Pharmacists' Association in its historical development . Berlin 1932.
  • GE Then: The Marggraff and Blell families . In: Pharmakologische Zeitung , 82, 1937, p. 337.
  • Apothekerzeitung Berlin 30 (1915), p. 303.
  • W.-H. Hein, H.-D. Black: German pharmacist biography . Vol. 2, Stuttgart 1978.
  • E. Hickel: The pharmacist - profession of missed opportunities . In: Pharmakologische Zeitung , 121, 1976, pp. 1185-1192.
  • Apothekerzeitung Berlin 22 (1907), p. 31.
  • Pharmakologische Zeitung , 1936, p. 97.
  • Municipal files: documents on the Berolina pharmacy . Magistrate of Berlin, capital of the GDR, department of health and social affairs, center for pharmacy and medical technology.
  • Becker, Ch .: 30 years of development towards a socialist drug and pharmacy system in the GDR . Pharmaceutical Praxis 34, 1979, pp. 193-244.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.mediosapotheke.de/standorte/hackeschermarkt/

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '27.54 "  N , 13 ° 24' 11.84"  E