Radio orchestra

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Broadcasting hall of the Hessischer Rundfunk in the Funkhaus am Dornbusch , Frankfurt am Main
This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

Radio orchestras are orchestras from broadcasting corporations. In Germany this includes all orchestras , radio choirs and big bands of the ARD as well as the Rundfunk-Orchester und -Chöre gGmbH Berlin.

Radio orchestra in Germany

history

The first German radio ensembles emerged with the introduction of radio in Germany in the 1920s. The three oldest German radio orchestras still in existence today are the Leipziger Sinfonie-Orchester (1923, predecessor of the MDR-Sinfonieorchester ), the Orchester der Funk-Stunden Berlin (1923, predecessor of the Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin ) and the Frankfurter Rundfunk-Symphonie-Orchester (1929, predecessor of the Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra ). After the Second World War , the establishment of public broadcasters was established and spread across the board. The cultural, educational and entertainment mandate that the broadcasters were supposed to fulfill resulted in the establishment and differentiation of the radio orchestras, both spatially and regionally as well as functionally from large symphony orchestras to smaller radio orchestras to choirs and dance orchestras or big bands.

An essential basis for the development of radio orchestras in Germany was above all the comparatively stable financing via license fees . The active promotion of culture and music care is expressed in broadcasts and public concerts as well as in recordings, composition commissions, the organization of festivals and concert tours. All in all, this leads to a program and repertoire profile of the radio ensembles, which, in contrast to the concentration on the classical-romantic repertoire of other traditional cultural orchestras, is characterized by less known and performed and above all by new and contemporary music.

The radio ensembles therefore deserve the credit of having accompanied or made possible the development of post-war music from Hartmann , Messiaen and Blacher to Henze , Stockhausen , Nono , Boulez and Kagel . The increased competition between the public broadcasting corporations since the introduction of the dual broadcasting system on the one hand and the competition between the orchestras leads to greater pressure to legitimize the broadcast orchestras, which are largely financed by fees, and to a competition for renowned conductors and soloists and thus for recognition the public.

Orchestra sponsored by the ARD broadcasters

Northern German Radio:

Central German broadcasting:

Hessian Broadcasting:

Saarländischer Rundfunk / Südwestrundfunk:

Südwestrundfunk:

  • SWR Symphony Orchestra (created through the merger of the SWR Symphony Orchestra Baden-Baden and Freiburg, founded in 1946 with the SWF and the Radio Symphony Orchestra Stuttgart, founded in 1945 with Radio Stuttgart)
  • SWR Big Band (founded in 1952 by Südfunk )

West German Broadcasting:

Bavarian radio:

Orchestra sponsored by Rundfunk-Orchester und -Chöre gGmbH Berlin

Other orchestras related to radio or television

Formations that have since dissolved, merged or renamed (after 1990)

Radio orchestras in other countries

Radio orchestra in the narrower sense

Orchestra founded as a radio orchestra and still associated with radio broadcasters

Meanwhile dissolved or fundamentally restructured orchestras

  • Belgium: Vlaams Radio Orkest (converted into the "Brussels Philharmonic" orchestra in 1998 and taken over by the Vlaamse Gemeenschap)
  • Italy:
    • Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI Torino
    • Orchestra Sinfonica della RAI di Roma
    • Orchestra "Alessandro Scarlatti" from the RAI di Napoli
    • Orchestra Sinfonica della RAI di Milano
  • Luxembourg: Orchester Symphonique de RTL (now " Orchester Philharmonique du Luxembourg ")
  • Canada: CBC Radio Orchestra
  • Russia: Большой симфонический оркестр имени П.И.Чайковского
  • Switzerland: Basel Symphony Orchestra
  • USA: NBC Symphony Orchestra (until 1954; as Symphony of the Air until 1963)

literature

  • Andreas Möllenkamp: Orchestra and radio. History, structure and function of the German radio orchestra . Term paper, University of Leipzig 2002 ( full text )
  • The radio sounding bodies in the Federal Republic of Germany. A broadcasting and media policy policy and thesis paper . Broadcasting Commission of the German Orchestra Association, 2005 ( digitized version (PDF; 41 kB); open letter with reaction of the ARD chairman to the paper: online text )

Web links

Wiktionary: Radio orchestra  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Gerald Mertens: In the beginning there was music. The importance of public broadcasting for German orchestral and music culture . In: the orchestra, born in 2008, issue 11, pp. 26–29.