Russell (New Zealand)
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Russell Māori: Kororāreka |
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| Geographical location | ||
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| Coordinates | 35 ° 16 ′ S , 174 ° 7 ′ E | |
| Region ISO | NZ-NTL | |
| Country |
 New Zealand
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| region | Northland | |
| District | Far North District | |
| Ward | Bay of Plenta - Whangaroa Ward | |
| Residents | 720 (2013) | |
| height | 6 m | |
| Post Code | 0202 | |
| Telephone code | +64 (0) 9 | |
| UN / LOCODE | NZ RUS | |
| website | www.russellnz.co.nz | |
| Photography of the place | ||
 View of Russell with part of the Bay of Islands |
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Russell is a small town in the Far North District of Northland on the North Island of New Zealand .
geography
The place is located around 55 km north-northwest of Whangarei and around 15 km southeast of Kerikeri on a headland that extends into the Bay of Islands and ends with Tapeka Point . Waitangi , where the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840 , and Paihia is about 3.5 km west and southwest on the other side of the bay, respectively.
history
Russell was still a local Māori settlement at the end of the 18th century and was called Kororāreka . At the beginning of the 19th century, traders and whalers came and built New Zealand's first trading center in the settlement, which had an ideal harbor. The center grew rapidly and soon Kororāreka was shaped by Europe. Other "guests" also came, escaped convicts from Australia , seafarers who deserted and the rough fellows of the whaling ships that called at the port. The nickname " Hellhole of the Pacific " ( " Hellhole of the Pacific " ) may give an idea of the life in the city at that time.
Kororāreka was renamed" Russell " inhonor of the former Colonial Secretary of State and later English Prime Minister, Lord John Russell , and after the signature of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, it was the capital of New Zealand for a short time. After Auckland waschosen for the new capital in September 1840, the Māori tribal leader Hone Heke lostimportant income for anchorages due to the withdrawal of the government and was thereforedeceivedby the white signatories of the Waitangi Treaty. He brought down the mast with the Union Jack on Flagstaff Hill several times and finally set fire to the place with his warriors in 1845. The whites fled to Auckland by ship and the war in the north began. Only after two embarrassing defeats could the Britishwinat Ruapekapeka in 1846.
You can still see bullet holes from the fighting at Christ Church , one of the buildings that Hone Heke spared. The church from 1836 is the oldest surviving church in New Zealand. The population structure of the 19th century can be read in his churchyard: whalers, sailors, Māori and early settlers are buried here. In addition, according to the inscription in the cemetery, Hannah King Letheridge was born in January 1816 as the first white woman in New Zealand.
population
In the 2013 census, the town had 720 inhabitants, 11.8% less than in the 2006 census.
Attractions
Despite its eventful past, Russell is now a Victorian-style gem . Time stood still, especially on the harbor front with its pier, where the passenger ferries from Paihia and all excursion boats dock. There you will find the police station (the smallest in New Zealand), next to it the Duke of Marlborough , a hotel with the supposedly oldest licensing rights in the country, the Swordfish Club of the deep-sea anglers, the town hall, the Pompallier House , the former mission printing press , and behind it the former hostel Kimberley Lodge . The Captain Cook Memorial Museum commemorates the time of the great seafarer and shows, among other things. a. a 1: 5 scale replica of Cook's ship, the Endeavor .
From Flagstaff Hill you have a good view over the town and the Bay of Islands .
See also
literature
- Helga Neubauer: Russel . In: The New Zealand Book . 1st edition. NZ Visitor Publications , Nelson 2003, ISBN 1-877339-00-8 , pp. 136-141 .
Web links
- Homepage . Russel,accessed October 12, 2017.
- Living history . Russel,accessed October 12, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b 2013 Census QuickStats about a place: Russell . Statistics New Zealand , accessed April 11, 2015 .
- ↑ Topo250 maps . Land Information New Zealand , accessed October 12, 2017 .