Russian series Х

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Russian series Х
A class Х locomotive on the Vladikavkaz Railway
A class Х locomotive on the Vladikavkaz Railway
Numbering: different numbering
Number: 235
Manufacturer: Baldwin , porter
Year of construction (s): 1895, 1898-1900
Retirement: 1955
Axis formula : 1'D
Gauge : 1524 mm
Length: 10,443 mm
Height: Х п : 4,509 mm
Total wheelbase: Х п : 6,502 mm
Service mass: 58-66.3 t
Friction mass: 51-58.7 t
Wheel set mass : 13.3-16.1 t
Top speed: 50 km / h
Driving wheel diameter: 1,270 mm
Impeller diameter front: 915 mm
Control type : Stephenson
Х п : Walschaerts
Number of cylinders: originally 4
after renovation: 2
Cylinder diameter: Х п : 540 mm
HD cylinder diameter: 383 mm
LP cylinder diameter: 584 mm
Piston stroke: 660 mm
Х п : 650 mm
Cup length: 4,097 mm
Boiler overpressure: 12 bar
Grate area: 2.09-3.25 m²
Superheater area : 33.5-38.7 m²
Evaporation heating surface: 171.9–181.3 m²
Х п : 134.6 m²
Particularities: Locomotive originally with four- cylinder - composite - engine built
later converted into two-cylinder engine

The steam locomotives of the Russian series Х [ xa ] were a series of freight steam locomotives of the railways of the former Russian Empire with the wheel arrangement 1'D. They were procured from the North American plants Baldwin and Porter at the same time as the Д K [ dɛka ] series . While the five-coupler could not prevail in operation at the time, around 235 vehicles of this series were built. The vehicles were just like the Decapoda with a four cylinder - composite - engine manufactured part has been converted into two-cylinder engines. The locomotives achieved a considerably long service life of up to 50 years.

History and technology

The locomotives were the first with the 1'D wheel arrangement on the railways of the Russian Empire and were manufactured by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia . With the installation of the running axle, a more powerful boiler with a larger grate surface could be used. The 80 locomotives built in 1895 were delivered to the Vladikavkaz Railway Company in 1896 . They were initially given the numbers Н 701 to Н 780 (N 701 to N 780), in 1912 they were included in the Х (Ch) series . The locomotives had a four-cylinder compound engine type Vauclain , in which the low-pressure cylinders were arranged above the high-pressure cylinders.

At the beginning of the 1900s, the steam locomotives were modernized; it became a steam superheater installed and the four- cylinder - composite - engine was replaced by a two-cylinder engine. The Stephenson control was replaced by a Walschaerts control . These converted steam locomotives were called Х п [ xapɛ ].

The center of the boiler Х п (Ch p ) was 2,464 mm above the top of the rail, the smoke chamber diameter was 1,720 mm and the height including the chimney was 4,509 mm. The long boiler was 4,097 mm long and the smoke chamber 1,700 mm long. With a total axle distance of 6,502 mm, the leading axle and the first coupling axle were 2,413 mm apart, the distance between the first and second coupling axles was 1,397 mm and between the second and third coupling axles and between the third and fourth coupling axles there were 1,346 each mm.

The Х п stayed with the Vladikavkaz Railway (later the North Caucasian Railway ) and were mainly used on the Mineralnye Vody - Kislovodsk route.

Further locomotives of the series Х went to the Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk Railway and the Chinese Eastern Railway . In the years 1896 and 1898 to 1900 a total of 235 locomotives were put into service.

A Lopushinsky superheater was installed in some locomotives on the Vladikavkaz Railway while retaining the four-cylinder compound engine . These locomotives were called the Х ч (Ch tsch ) series. As the Х п series achieved better results, they were eventually converted into this one.

The series also included the Х M (Ch m ; M urmanski ) steam locomotives . These steam engines were from 1915 to 1916 by the North American factory Porter made and came during the Allied intervention in the Russian civil war with the occupation forces after Russia . After the occupation troops left, they stayed in the Murmansk region with the Murmansk railway . Except for the country of manufacture and the wheel arrangement, they had nothing in common with the other steam locomotives in the series.

In 1923 there were still 127 steam locomotives of the X series (including the Х M ) on the Soviet railways ; In 1940 there were still 26 machines. In 1955, the last steam locomotive in this series ended its active service.

CER series Х and MNR series ソ リ A (SoriA)

CER locomotive Х176
Preserved CER series Х No. 180 exhibited at the Imperial Palace .

The Chinese Eastern Railway procured locomotives of the Russian class Х built by Baldwin; the Baldwin factory designation of these locomotives was 10.22 / 42E . Originally classified as Б ( B ) by the CER , Baldwin built fifty locomotives (Б151-Б200) in Philadelphia in 1898, another forty (Б201-Б240) in 1899 and the last series of 31 locomotives (Б241-Б271) in 1900. In 1912 they were re-designated as the Х ( Ch ) series and numbered Х151 to Х271.

After the Japanese had established the puppet state of Manchukuo , the Soviet Union sold its stake in the North Manchurian Railway, to which the CER was renamed in 1932, to the government of the new state on March 23, 1935, and it became part of the state-owned Manchukuo National Railway , which classified these locomotives as class ソ リ A ( SoriA ). Not all class Baureihe locomotives of the Chinese Eastern Railway came to the MNR; some ended up in service in the USSR near Vladivostok .

In 2005, a Class X locomotive was found in the Lalin River in Jilin Province , China . This locomotive, No. 180, has been excavated, restored, and is on display outside the Museum of the Manchukuo Imperial Palace in Changchun .

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c d based on a drawing in the German Rakow edition (p. 95)
  2. ↑ according to the German Rakow edition: Х: 59.9 t; Х п : 66.3 t
  3. ↑ according to the German Rakow edition: Х: 52.9 t; Х п : 58.7 t
  4. ↑ according to the German Rakow edition: Х п : 53 km / h
  5. ↑ according to the German Rakow edition: 2.44 m²
  6. ↑ according to the German Rakow edition: Х п : 38.7 m²
  7. ↑ according to the German Rakow edition: Х: 181.3 m²; Х п : 134.6 m²

literature

  • В.А. Раков. Паровозы серии Х // Локомотивы отечественных железных дорог 1845-1955. - 2-е, переработанное и дополненное. - Москва: «Транспорт», 1995. - С. 160-162. - ISBN 5-277-00821-7 .
  • Vitaly Alexandrowitsch Rakow: Russian and Soviet steam locomotives . 1st edition. transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-344-00060-8 , freight locomotives from the years of construction 1880 to 1917: steam locomotives of the Ch series, p. 94-95 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Witali Alexandrowitsch Rakow: Russian and Soviet steam locomotives . transpress, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-344-00060-8 , pp. 94 .
  2. ^ Witali Alexandrowitsch Rakow: Russian and Soviet steam locomotives . transpress, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-344-00060-8 , pp. 95 .
  3. ↑ Zhou Xiaobiao, Huang Zhongyi, Li Jiangtian, Zhao Qi: The Locomotives of the Chinese Railways . Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel / Boston / Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-7643-1747-7 , The Locomotives of the Zhong-Dong Railway, p. 55 .
  4. ↑ a b Website about the Х series (Russian), accessed on August 30, 2020
  5. ↑ В.А. Раков. Паровозы серии Х // Локомотивы отечественных железных дорог 1845-1955. - 2-е, переработанное и дополненное. - Москва: «Транспорт», 1995. - С. 160-162. - ISBN 5-277-00821-7 .
  6. ^ Chinese Eastern Railway, China Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved December 11, 2016.
  7. ↑ 吉林 出土 百年 火车头 火车头 被 扶正 五十 厘米 ( zh ) In: news.163.com . Archived from the original on April 8, 2005.
  8. ↑ 吉林 发现 百年 火车头 铁路 部门 当地 政府 争 归属 ​​权 ( zh ) In: news.163.com . Archived from the original on October 15, 2017.
  9. ↑ zh: 百年 火车头 正式 “入轨” 火车头 4 个 小时 走 了 60 米 ( zh ) In: news.163.com . Archived from the original on October 15, 2017.