Elegant Täubling
| Elegant Täubling | ||||||||||||
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Elegant rowan ( Russula elegans ) |
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| Russula elegans | ||||||||||||
| Bres. |
The Elegant Täubling or Gold-leaved Täubling ( Russula elegans , Syn .: Russula maculata var. Elegans ) is a species of fungus from the family of Täubling relatives . The mild-tasting, fragile Täubling yellows quite strongly and often becomes rust-stained at the base of the stem. The hat is carmine, cherry or copper red, sometimes pink, and its spore powder is light yellow. The Täubling grows under various deciduous trees, but mostly under poplars.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 3.5–7 cm wide, first arched and then spread out. Usually the middle of the hat is deepened in a funnel shape even in young fruiting bodies. The thin and sharp-edged edge of the usually evenly round hat is sometimes bent in a slightly irregular wavy manner. At the edge of the hat it is usually grooved early (up to two thirds of the radius length). The hat color is dull red from the edge and towards the center it is colored brown-red, red-brown and dark brown to almost black. More rarely, the whole hat is uniformly pink to gray-magenta in color. It is also described as carmine to cherry red and is said to often turn yellow or partially yellow spotted towards the middle of the hat. The skin of the hat is dull when dry and smeary when wet. It can be peeled off up to three quarters of the radius.
The lamellas are ocher to yellow and quite thick. They are usually the same length and run without intermingled between slats from rim to handle. They are also rarely forked, but they can be cross-veined towards the edge at the base. The lamellas often run down a bit on the handle and are far apart on the edge of the hat. With ripe fruit bodies, there are sometimes only 4 lamellae per centimeter in the edge zone. The spore powder is light yellow ( IVa according to Romagnesi ).
The cylindrical stem is relatively long with 4–7 × 0.8–1.7 cm in relation to the diameter of the hat. It is often somewhat widened at the top and mostly tapered at the base. The stem is white and the stem base is often strong and rust-stained over a large area. With age or after picking, it becomes very yellow.
The more or less mild tasting meat is very brittle and the smell is slightly fruity. The meat reacts slightly pink with iron sulphate and quickly and intensely blue-green with guaiac . Phenol discolors the meat normally brown.
Microscopic features
The spores are 7–8.5 (9.4) µm long and (6.2–) 6.8–8.4 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.15. The average volume is 234 µm 3 . The spore ornament consists of conical warts that are up to 0.5 (0.7) µm high and are irregularly arranged. There are also branched, burr-like ribs that form a more or less complete network. On closer inspection, the ornament appears even more differentiated. In addition to longer ribs, there are also short ridges, but also isolated elements, some of which are close together. Fine runners can emerge from these. The hillock is clearly visible. The relatively small pleurocystides are 45–60 µm long and 5–7 µm wide and are rather rare.
The hair-like, cylindrical hyphae cells of the hat are 2–6 µm wide and often bulbous. There are also gnarled outgrowths. The hyphae are often wavy, bent and heavily branched, of different lengths, but mostly short septate and rounded at the tip. The upper end can also be tapered and tapered to a point. The cylindrical and rather short septate Pileocystiden are 3–8 µm wide and not very numerous. They can be stained with sulfoaldehyde reagents such as sulfovanillin . They are often constricted on the septa. The hyphae end cells are long-lobed, narrow, spindle-shaped and, more rarely, bulged.
Species delimitation
In this representative of the Puellarinae , the rust spots on the base of the handle are the most noticeable features. Equally characteristic is the handle that is often twice as long in relation to the hat diameter. The species can easily be confused with the red-stemmed dwarf deaf ( R. font-queri ). This one is much less yellow and has a more orange colored hat. Since the two species have very different spores, they can be easily distinguished microscopically.
ecology
The rare mycorrhizal fungus probably enters into a partnership with various deciduous trees. In the literature, different types of poplar are usually mentioned. The fungus was also found under locust trees , oaks , beeches and birches . The fruiting bodies appear between mid-September to mid-October.
distribution
The rare Elegant Täubling is probably a purely European species. There is evidence from Northern Italy, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Slovenia and Germany. The species is very rare in Germany. There are found reports from Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland.
Systematics
The Elegant Täubling ( R. elegans ) was described by G. Bresadola in 1882 . Two years later he downgraded it as R. maculata var. Elegans to the variety. The taxon R. elegans is understood here in the sense of Romagnesi and does not correspond to the R. elegans in the sense of Cooke, which is now synonymous with R. maculata .
Inquiry systematics
The Elegant Täubling is placed by M. Bon in the Puellarinae subsection within the Tenellae section. The fruiting bodies of the pigeons from this subsection are especially yellow on the stem. The taste is mild or slightly sharp. The fruit bodies are very fragile and the spore powder is cream-colored to yellow.
meaning
As a mild-tasting Täubling, the Elegant Täubling is certainly edible, but since it is very rare and has a very fragile flesh, it is hardly suitable for culinary use.
literature
- Russula elegans. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 7, 2014 .
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 626 (French, MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed February 7, 2014]).
- Russula elegans. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Russula elegans. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved February 6, 2012 (English, nomenclature and original Latin description).
- ^ A b c d e German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 516.
- ↑ a b c d W. Demon, A. Hausknecht, I. Krisai-Greilhuber: Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, 2009, accessed September 2, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Russula elegans. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 59 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved February 6, 2012 (English, translation of M. Bon's Russula key).
- ^ A b Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 626 (French, online ).
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed on September 11, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula elegans. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare :).
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Russula elegans. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014 ; Retrieved May 6, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula elegans. Pilzoek database, accessed September 11, 2012 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula elegans. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
Web links
- Russula elegans. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 7, 2014 (English, photo and original Latin diagnosis).
