Morse deaf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Morse deaf
Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Morse deaf
Scientific name
Russula illota
Romagn.

The Morse deafness ( Russula illota , syn .: Russula laurocerasi var. Illota ) is a species of fungus from the family of deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a representative of the Foetentinae subsection , which is characterized by the fact that its lamellar edges are decorated with purple-brown dots and lines that are reminiscent of Morse code. His hat is usually covered with a thick, purple slime.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is (2.5) 5-16 cm in diameter. It is more or less thick, almost spherical when young, later convex to expanded and often indented in the middle with age. The hat color varies from brown-ocher to dirty yellow-brown. A large part of the hat surface is covered by a dirty-brown to purple-gray slime, the hat skin is therefore sticky even when dry.

The stem is (3) 4–10 cm long and 1–3.7 cm thick, more or less cylindrical in shape and partially to completely hollow with age. Below the hat it can possibly be slightly expanded. Young it is whitish, but turns yellow with age and becomes more and more brown-spotted, until it finally makes a brownish dirty impression.

The slats are neither crowded nor particularly distant. They are 7–12 mm high, at first white to cream-colored, later dirty. They are partially mixed with lamellets and forked over the entire surface at least 4 times per hat. The dark dots and lines on the lamellar edges, which look like Morse code, are typical of the species and give it its name . They are roughly the same color as the slime that covers the hat.

The meat is more or less thin and tends to yellow, so that it is more or less yellowish in color with age. The smell is very complex, from pleasantly almond-like (like almond cream), anise-like or fruity to disgusting, spermatic, smelly. The smell becomes very pungent, especially in old age and with injuries. The taste in the stem is bitter, disgusting and very sharp.

Microscopic features

The spore powder is whitish to light cream in color. The spores themselves are spherical, 7–8.5 × 6.2–7.5 µm long and wide and decorated with mostly isolated, 0.5–2 µm high, thorny to slightly burr-like warts. These are only partially burr, but mostly only connected by fine lines.

The cystids are often appendiculated , with a small tip or appendage when hot, or they are narrowed to clubbed. They become up to 85 (100) µm long and 6–10 (13) µm wide. The hyphae end cells of the cap skin are 3–5 µm wide and more or less convoluted or they are short, with blunt or slightly elongated ends. The pileocystids are 6–9 µm wide, almost cylindrical to spindle-shaped, blunt or slightly contracted at the tip and slightly appendiculated.

Species delimitation

The types of subsection Foetentinae all look very similar and can easily be confused with one another. The Morse Täubling differs from the Stink Täubling and the representatives of the Foetens group by its typical bitter almond odor. In old age, however, it can smell just as unpleasant as the representatives of the Foetens group.

On the other hand, it differs from the Almond-Täubling and the other representatives of the Laurocerasi group by the relatively dull, slightly gray-violet tinted hat colors, the brown-violet slime and the characteristic blackish-dotted lamellae edges. The shape of the spores is also slightly different.

Systematics

etymology

The specific epithet illota means dirty or unwashed and is an allusion to the stained-looking hat.

The Morse pigeon is placed within the genus Russula in the Ingratae section and further in the Foetentinae subsection . The Ingratae section combines Russula species with dull, yellow to brown-gray hats, a sharp and / or disgusting bitter taste and white spore powder. The subsection Foetentinae combines species with a sharp-edged, serrated hat and a distinctive odor. Recent DNA studies show that the species in this group are also closely related to one another phylogenetically .

ecology

Like all pigeons, the Morse pigeon is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a symbiosis with various deciduous trees, primarily with the common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) . In addition, other deciduous trees, less often conifers, come into question as partners. The Morse-Täubling predominantly inhabits mesophilic beech forests on fresh to ooze-damp, humus-rich, loamy, nutrient-poor, soils with good to moderately alkaline supply via lime, marl or lime sand and base-containing silicates. More rarely, it also occurs in hornbeam-oak, hardwood and spruce-fir forests.

distribution

European countries with proof of finding of the Morse pigeon.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Morse Täubling is a European species of mushroom that occurs in southern, western and northern Europe. In the east the fungus is rare or absent. In Poland, too, the Morse Blubber seems to be largely absent. In 2008 it was found for the first time in a beech-fir forest in the Bieszczady Mountains in south-eastern Poland.

    In Germany, the species is rare in the northern flat and hill country and is mostly absent in the Ice Age sand and dry limestone areas. In the mountain and hill country, the Morse-Täubling occurs very scattered to regionally weakly widespread with larger loosened areas. The species seldom ascends into the higher mountains.

    meaning

    Because of its disgusting and pungent taste, like all types of subsections, it is not edible. It may also be slightly poisonous.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 78 .
    2. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 536.
    3. ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) The Russulales website, archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved May 15, 2011 (English translation by M. Bons Russula key.).
    4. ↑ Karl Ernst Georges: illotus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 2 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 51-52 ( zeno.org ).
    5. ↑ Russula illota in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved on August 21, 2011 : "Russula illota"
    6. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula illota. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 17, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula illota. Retrieved June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare).
    8. ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas - Russula illota. In: Myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
    9. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula illota. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    10. ^ Z. Athanassiou, I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce. Mycotaxon 79. In: cybertruffle.org.uk. 2001, pp. 401-415 , accessed on 23 August 2011 (Danish).
    11. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( versita.metapress.com [PDF]). versita.metapress.com ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    12. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula illota. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 17, 2012 .
    13. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 17, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    14. ↑ B. Gierczyk, P. Chachuła, D. Karasiński, A. Kujawa, K. Kujawa, R. and M. Pachlewski Wójtowski: Grzyby wielkoowocnikowe polskich Bieszczadów. Część I . In: Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody (National Parks and Nature Reserves) . tape 28 , no. 3 , 2009, p. 3–100 (Polish, researchgate.net [PDF]).

    Web links

    Commons : Morse deaf ( Russula illota )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
    • Russula illota. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos from Morse-Täubling).