Sharp vermilion blubber
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Sharp cinnabar blubber ( Russula rubra ) |
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| ( Lam. ) Fr. (1838) |
The Sharp Cinnabar Bluebird ( Russula rubra ) is a fungus from the family of the Bluebird relatives . He has a strikingly velvety matt vermilion hat and cream-ocher-colored spore powder. Like all the pigeons from the Rubrinae subsection, it tastes hot.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 4–10 cm wide, fleshy, hemispherical in the young mushroom, but later spread out or depressed. The hat is colored vermilion flesh red or pink, in rare cases also completely white and only spotted pink. The edge is often lighter or whitish, smooth, often a little wavy and hardly grooved even with age. The hat skin is matt, velvety and not or almost not peelable. Even in damp weather, it is not very greasy. The lamellae are white, later cream-colored to yellowish. They stand pretty close and are noticeably attached to the handle. Often they are noticeably forked or cross-veined. The spore powder is cream-colored to ocher. The stem is 1–2.5 cm thick, white and often turns gray at the base with age. In young fruit bodies, the stalk is full and quite firm, but later becomes more or less spongy. The meat is white and immediately tastes hot. It reacts very strongly with guaiac solution. The smell is very weak, possibly slightly fruity or slightly honey-like.
Microscopic features
The broadly elliptical, almost spherical spores are 8-10 µm long and 7-8 µm wide and are covered with fine, prickly warts, some of which are connected by lines. They are often lined up like a chain. The pleurocystids are 6–8 µm wide and often appendiculate . The hyphae end cells of the cap skin are often encrusted , variable, more or less blunt or thinly tapering to dilated. The sometimes numerous Pileocystiden are 5–10 µm wide, cylindrical to club-shaped or narrowed at the tip and septate up to 0–3 times. They stain blue with sulfovanillin.
Species delimitation
The Täubling can be confused with a whole range of vermilion, matt-hatched Täubling. The red-capped yellow spurs from the Insidiosae section, such as the wine-red yolk-deaf, have shinier hats. The weak-spotted deafbling can also be very similar. But it also has a glossier, easily removable hat skin. The ocher-leaved cinnabar deaf and the hard cinnabar , both of which have a similar appearance (habit), taste mild and are at most slightly bitter. The hard cinnabar deafblings also differ in their lighter spore powder.
ecology
The Sharp Cinnabar Bluebird is, like all Bluebirds, a mycorrhizal fungus that mainly forms a symbiosis with European beech . Oak trees may also serve as mycorrhizal partners.
The fungus prefers shady mixed beech forests, especially in woodruff beech forests , but also in bedstraw-fir forests .
As a lime-loving species, it prefers fresh, neutral to alkaline, base-rich, but not too nutrient-rich soils. It is typically found on loamy brown earth over lime, rarely also over lime sand or marl . At higher altitudes, it also occurs over base-rich granites and gneisses .
The fruiting bodies appear from mid-July to late September. It occurs in the hills and lower mountains.
distribution
The sharp vermilion deaf is found in North Asia (Korea), North America (USA), Europe and the Canary Islands.
The fungus is rare in Germany and has so far only been reliably detected in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Thuringia.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The sharp vermilion deaf belongs to the Rubrinae subsection , which is below the Lepidinae section. The representatives of this subsection are large or medium-sized species, usually with reddish or pink hats. The hat skin is dull to velvety and grown or hardly removable. They sometimes have indistinctly encrusted dermatocystids .
Subspecies and varieties
Russula rubra var. Sapida Cooke is now assigned to the honeydew bling ( Russula melliolens ).
Russula rubra f. poliopus Romagn. The hat skin is more or less removable. The stem is white and tends to gray. It is almost never tinged with pink, but often very wrinkled or veiny. The spores have slightly burred warts that are far away and are sometimes loosely strung in a chain. The cystidia correspond to those of the type. The hyphal end cells are often narrowed or convoluted and have fine incrustations (deposits) that can easily be overlooked. The Pileocyctides are more or less clumpy or head-shaped at the upper end, about 10 (12) µm wide and not or only simply septate.
Russula rubra subsp. kavinae ( Melzer & Zvara ) Singer Was also described as a syn. Russula kavinae as a separate species. Very similar to the type, but with a more pink-colored hat, a more fruity smell and about 8 µm wide spores with more densely packed warts.
meaning
Due to its pungent taste, the spicy vermilion deaf is inedible and possibly slightly poisonous.
literature
- Russula rubra. Partial Russula Database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 3, 2012 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Index Fungorum
- ^ A b c d e German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 544.
- ↑ a b Species description of Russula pungens in Singer "Monograph of the genus Russula"; published in "Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt", editor A. Pascher (1932) p. 345 and p. 346
- ↑ a b c d Monographic key of the russules of Europe ( Memento of July 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) under The Russulales Website ( Memento of the original of May 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 76 .
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 295 ( org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: ( Memento of the original from December 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula rubra. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula rubra. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ Elias Polemis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. (PDF; 330 kB) Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 115 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, p. 16 ff , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
- ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
- ↑ Grid map of Russula rubra. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on September 29, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula rubra. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Spore drawing by Russula rubra , H. Romagnesi (1967). In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 3, 2012
- Spore drawing of Russula rubra f. poliopus , H. Romagnesi (1967). In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 3, 2012
- Russula rubra. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved May 3, 2012 (English, photos and original Latin description).
- Russula rubra. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 1, 2014 (Italian, photos from the Scharfen Zinnober-Täubling).
