Southern Railway Bridge (Budapest)
Coordinates: 47 ° 28 ′ 6 ″ N , 19 ° 4 ′ 2 ″ E
| Southern railway bridge | ||
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| Official name | Déli összeköto vasúti híd | |
| use | railroad | |
| Crossing of | Danube | |
| place | Budapest | |
| overall length | 477 m | |
| width | 2 × 7.5 m | |
| Number of openings | four | |
| Pillar spacing | 98 m | |
| opening | 1877/1913/1948/1953 | |
| location | ||
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The Southern Railway Bridge ( Hungarian Déli összekötő vasúti híd ) is one of eleven bridges across the Danube in Budapest today and one of two railway bridges. It was the first and is now the most important and busiest railway bridge in Hungary across the Danube. It stands immediately south of the Rákóczi Bridge .
prehistory
In the 1860s there were already three terminal stations in Budapest. On July 15, 1846, Hungary's first steam-powered train drove from the Westbahnhof to Vác, about 35 kilometers up the Danube . His new station building was built between 1874 and 1877. The now closed Józsefvárosi pályaudvar in the 8th district near the current Ostbahnhof was opened in 1867. The South Railway Station went into operation on the other side of the Danube in Buda in 1861 . At that time, the stations belonged to independent railway companies and there was no connection between them.
At the end of the 1860s there was already planning, but it was 1872 that the Hungarian Parliament decided to build a railway connection between the Kelenföldi and Kőbánya Felső stations, including the bridge over the Danube.
Lattice girder bridge (1877)
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The tender for the bridge was won by the French company Filleul-Brohy, which later worked with JF Cail & Cie. was united. Construction work began on September 29, 1873 with the caissons for the pillar foundations. The pillars were clad with granite to protect against the ice drift upstream , otherwise with limestone .
The double-track wrought iron lattice girder bridge had four openings over the river and two openings over the right bank. The lattice girders were 94 m long and 9.8 m high. They were made in Belgium and France and manufactured by JF Cail & Cie. Delivered to the construction site by rail. The construction work was directed by János Feketeházy . The bridge was completed in 1876, but the tracks were not laid until 1877.
Truss arch bridge (1913)
At the turn of the century it was found that the lattice girder bridge was no longer able to cope with the increasing traffic and the heavier locomotives. In March 1910, work began on the construction of a steel bridge right next to the old bridge , which had been planned by the Magyar Államvasutak ( Royal Hungarian State Railways ) under their technical director Ernő Kölber.
The four openings had the same pillar spacing as the old bridge. They were bridged by two - hinged half-timbered arches with drawstrings , a construction method that was common at the time. The steel for the bridge came from MÁVAG , the machine factory of the Royal Hungarian State Railways . The bridge was opened to traffic in November 1913.
Then the dismantling of the old bridge began. However, this work was interrupted by the First World War and was not completed until 1924.
The bridge was an important element of Hungarian rail traffic for three decades.
During the Second World War it was lightly hit in two air raids, but the damage was soon repaired. When the German troops withdrew from the Red Army , it was completely demolished on December 31, 1944. The Soviet army built an emergency bridge next to the rubble, so that a single-track wooden bridge could be put into operation on April 26, 1945.
Temporary K-System Bridge (1946)
But they wanted a more stable solution as soon as possible. For this purpose, the available K-System bridge elements were collected across the country; the missing parts were made. After the necessary work on the pillars, the assembly of the 2315 tons of K-elements began in July 1946. The bridge was opened to traffic on October 31, 1946.
Truss bridge (1948/1953)
The first of today's two single-track truss bridges was built next to the K-System bridge and opened to traffic on September 6, 1948. It has continuous, parallel-chorded trusses, the lower chords being angularly haunched over the pillars . The short foreshore bridges on both banks have solid wall girders .
On June 22, 1953, the technically identical second bridge was put into operation. Then the K-System Bridge was dismantled and used for the Northern Railway Bridge . The free space left on the pillars after dismantling is kept as a reserve if a track has to be closed when the bridge is renewed. Later, the two twin bridges were structurally connected to each other to increase their rigidity.
Web links
- Historical photos of the Southern Railway Bridge ( Memento from June 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- Az Összekötő vasúti híd on sulinet.hu
Individual evidence
- ^ The Szeged railway bridge over the Tisza was opened in 1858.
- ↑ László Kovács (Ed.): History of the Hungarian Railways 1846-2000. Hungarian State Railways Publishing House, Budapest 2000, pp. 163, 164
- ↑ Budapest connecting railway. In: Wiener Zeitung , October 26, 1877, p. 5 middle. (Online at ANNO ).
- ^ Ernő Kölber: A budapesti összekötő vasúti Duna-híd átépítése. (PDF; 2 MB)
- ↑ Joseph Melan: The bridge building . III. Volume, 2nd half; Iron Bridges Part II. 2nd Edition. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna 1923, p. 326 ( archive.org ).
- ↑ Joseph Melan: The bridge building . III. Volume, 2nd half; Iron Bridges Part II. 2nd Edition. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna 1923, p. 86, 87 ( archive.org ).
- ↑ a b c d Az Összekötő vasúti híd on sulinet.hu