SKB database

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Work files of so-called scene-savvy officials are referred to as the SKB database and are kept by the police authorities in some federal states via football fans at the state criminal investigation office or the local police authorities. Police officers with knowledge of the scene should take preventive action in order to prevent possible violence in the context of sporting events, so that these work files were created for this purpose.

For example, in addition to addresses and names, numerous other private data on the social environment, places of residence and residence, club or fan club memberships and functions or body features there are entered.

The legal basis is the general police laws (e.g. in Hesse §§ 20 HSOG ff.) Of the federal states. A mandatory participation of the data protection officer is controversial and is not considered necessary in Hesse, for example, but according to the Hanover Administrative Court it is in Lower Saxony.

The SKB databases are viewed critically by many football fans and lawyers.

SKB files in the countries

In 2015 and 2016 in particular, the existence of SKB files in several federal states became known. Some of these became public through judicial proceedings, but mostly through inquiries in parliaments.

Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg has also had SKB files since 2005. This means that the files in Berlin or Braunschweig exist much longer. However, the files in the southwest were first made public, namely after a citizen submitted several requests for information to the authorities in 2007. The files were also mentioned in 2009 in the activity report of the State Commissioner for Data Protection. There the data protection officer complained: “Various data were doubtful for me: Why was information about the employer provided, where did the partially available photographs come from and what was the background of the information in the free text fields? How the deletion of the data was organized on the basis of the respective deletion date was also not apparent from the service instructions. According to the service instructions, the database should open up a large number of processes in order to create the basis for preventive police measures to prevent violent confrontations at or in connection with sporting events. The database can only partially fulfill this purpose, because for measures such as a travel ban under the Passport Act, various files must be made accessible in other ways, so the database does not allow comprehensive indexing. "

Bavaria

In Bayern four regional Fandateien exist. The Munich Police Headquarters runs the “Football Information File”, the Middle Franconia Police Headquarters “Structural Database 'Optimization of Football and Violence Measures” ”, the Swabian South / West Police Headquarters the“ ISGS - Information System for Violent Offenders Sport ”and the Swabian North Police Headquarters the“ Sports Information File ”. The files have been known since April 2016. In Bavaria, the range of parameters to be saved is particularly extensive. The following data is recorded: "Family name, maiden name, nickname, former name, academic degree, first name, middle name, all names, is alias, gender, date of birth, place of birth, country of birth, religion of birth, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, practiced occupation, learned occupation , Special features about the person (e.g. special skills, foreign language skills, belonging to a group or organization, role), query files, query result, in custody, DNA, blood collection, identification service treatment, driving license disqualification, degree of injury, apparent age, size, shape , Type, voice / language characteristics, German dialect, language, face / shape, hair / color / shape, eyes / color, glasses / visual aid, beard, tattoo / location / type, other physical characteristics. “The data protection officer of the Free State of Bavaria was before not involved in setting up the file.

Berlin

Berlin is the pioneer in the management of nationwide fan files in electronic form. The file "Sports Violence" was introduced there in 1998. The file is therefore a model for the files of civil servants with knowledge of the scene ("SKB files", "SKB databases" or "SKB work files") in other federal states. It is kept at the State Criminal Police Office 712 Berlin. The file only became known in the federal capital following a request from the Berlin House of Representatives in 2014.

In 2017, the file was transferred to the newly created file “Szenekunde Sport”, as a request in the Berlin House of Representatives revealed. Personal data is now recorded in Berlin, such as surname, first name, date of birth, address data (registered or residential address, federal state), means of communication such as telephone number and incident data, such as brief facts, groups involved and the location of the crime. This file will continue to be managed by the State Criminal Police Office, the name of the department is now LKA 645. The new establishment order required for this has not yet been published.

Brandenburg

According to the state government, no SKB file or comparable data collection has yet been kept in Brandenburg, which is also where the former Bundesliga location Cottbus is located. However, in June 2017 it became known that the introduction of a "specialist application CRIME 'Störer Sport Brandenburg'" is imminent, which is to be located at the Brandenburg Police Headquarters.

Bremen

There is no local fan file at the Bremen location.

Hamburg

In Hamburg, the realization of the existence of the file led to massive criticism, including from the local data protection officer. The file has been kept in the Free and Hanseatic City since 2006. The records of over 2,000 fans were stored in it. In 2014, the existence of the file was denied upon request. In 2016, an inquiry in the citizenship revealed that a corresponding state file on "sports violence" had existed for around ten years.

Hesse

Since 2006 a "scene file sport" has been kept in Hesse, which was set up in the police headquarters in Frankfurt am Main. Access was later expanded to other police headquarters at locations "that have fan scenes with the potential for violence". The process became known in December 2015.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

In February 2016, it became known that a nationwide file on football fans was being maintained in the northeast.

Lower Saxony

In March 2015 in Lower Saxony , it became known in court proceedings that a file of scene-savvy officials about football fans was being kept at the Hanover location. During the same period, at the request of the FDP parliamentary group in Lower Saxony, it became known that corresponding “work files” also existed in Braunschweig and Wolfsburg. This made Lower Saxony one of the first federal states in which local files about football fans became known. At the request of the MP Oetjen , it became known that the files had already been set up in 2002 (Braunschweig), 2005 (Hanover) and 2006 (Wolfsburg). In mid-2015, over 1,000 football fans were stored in the three files in Lower Saxony alone (printed matter 17/3625 of the Lower Saxony state parliament). These are not just hooligans or ultras . Images, nicknames and employers of the fans are also saved in Lower Saxony. In addition, contact and accompanying persons can also be saved here.

In Lower Saxony, the data protection officer was not informed about the setting up of the files at the time, although this would have been legally necessary. This did not happen until years later. Until 2015, the SKB files were not an issue in the annual reports on the activities of the state commissioners for data protection .

On March 10, 2016, the Lower Saxony state parliament debated the legality and data protection of the SKB files in Lower Saxony. In the debate, the CDU MP Rudolf Götz stated : “The state government provides sufficient answers from the answers on whether there are corresponding files that capture the scene. We assume that the police will adhere to the relevant data protection guidelines. But - I think I can say the same as a former police officer - data protection is a great asset. However, it must not become an end in itself. "Lower Saxony's Interior Minister Boris Pistorius said in the debate when asked by the FDP parliamentary group about the legality of the SKB files and compliance with data protection:" Everything is done according to the law, as it should be. There is a procedure description for the SKB work file, in which all regulations are recorded, and of course you adhere to them. To avoid misunderstandings: The regulation does not state that everything must be deleted after five years, but that it must be checked after five years whether it should be deleted. (Approval from the CDU ) In cases in which it is to be assumed or feared that one of the people in this file will continue to behave as in the past, the data storage may of course continue. That's how it should be. ( Jan-Christoph Oetjen FDP : Is that also checked?) - It is checked, of course. "(Plenary minutes of the 93rd session of the Landtag, p. 9416)

In mid-2016, Lower Saxony's Interior Minister Boris Pistorius announced in the state parliament that he would examine the transfer of the three SKB files in Lower Saxony into a state-wide LKA file. Then fans from other locations in Lower Saxony could also be saved here. When asked, the state government commented on this as follows: "It would not be conclusive to treat violent supporters from other locations differently". So far (as of May 2016), according to the state government , no relevant data has been collected at the Osnabrück , Meppen , Göttingen , Goslar or Hildesheim locations .

In Lower Saxony, the criteria according to which an entry is made in the file and the statutory deletion periods, compliance with which is not independently controlled, are controversial in Lower Saxony. In addition, data is repeatedly passed on to private third parties, namely the soccer clubs in the country, although in some cases neither convictions have been made nor investigative proceedings have been initiated against the persons concerned.

In Lower Saxony, the stored fans are not informed about the storage or deletion of their data in the files. However, various fan projects or fan helpers offer sample forms for data queries from the police. If in doubt, fan organizations recommend asking the authorities. In contrast to the Hamburg file, no data is collected from children in Lower Saxony (as of May 2016). However, (as of May 2016) 36 minors are also listed in the databases, mostly supporters of Hannover 96 .

North Rhine-Westphalia

In the state with the most inhabitants and Bundesliga locations, 17 local fan files are kept. The state government did not inform parliament in September 2015 of the individual locations with databases and the number of fans stored in each case. It is known that around 6,500 fans are registered in the databases.

Rhineland-Palatinate

Local SKB files also exist in Rhineland-Palatinate . In these, among other things, popular meeting places for fans, mobile phone numbers, car license plates and travel routes are documented.

Saarland

The first parliamentary request for a state file on football fans was made in Saarland in spring 2013. At the time, the existence of such a file was denied.

Saxony

In March 2016, the Free State of Saxony announced that it would not keep an SKB file: “Separate work files for civil servants with knowledge of the scene are not used in the Free State of Saxony.” Nevertheless, the state government granted the state parliament a “case analysis system that supports the investigation of the phenomenon of sport and violence” Saxony (eFAS) ”, in which several hundred football fans have been stored since December 2008.

Saxony-Anhalt

According to the state government, no SKB files are currently kept in Saxony-Anhalt . However, between 2006 and 2015 there was a file entitled “Gaining knowledge for civil servants with knowledge of the scene” (EfSKB). Between 2015 and 2016, a local file was also kept at the Halle site about fans of the Hallescher FC club . The background to the discontinuation of the databases is unclear.

Schleswig-Holstein

In the northernmost federal state, it became known in 2016 that an SKB file with the title “Procedure Football SH” exists there. It is noteworthy that the request in the state parliament was made by a long-standing government faction. In the other countries, the files became known primarily through inquiries from opposition groups.

Thuringia

According to information from the state government in February 2016, no SKB file is kept in Thuringia. Corresponding considerations were "already discarded in 2008 for reasons of data protection law":

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DS 16/9902 in the NRW state parliament
  2. ↑ DS 19/2352 in the Hesse state parliament
  3. ↑ Landtag Lower Saxony: Secret files on football fans (request from the FDP parliamentary group). Lower Saxony state parliament, September 10, 2015, accessed on June 7, 2018 .
  4. ↑ State Parliament of Baden-Württemberg: Activity report of the State Commissioner for Data Protection 2008/2009. (PDF) Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Landtag administration Bavaria: Database "Violent offenders Sport". (PDF) Bavarian State Parliament, accessed on July 6, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Katharina Schulze: Request for databases on football fans from the Bavarian Police I. (PDF) Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Transport, November 29, 2016, accessed on March 8, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Club No. 12: Community campaign for collective inquiries about possible data stored in the SKB database. Club No. 12, February 22, 2017, accessed March 8, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Konstanze Dobberke: Answer to the request - file "Sportgewalt Berlin". Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
  9. ↑ More data than gates - the police are busy collecting data, but often illegally. Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Printed matter 18/12288 file "Szenekunde Sport" (formerly: "Sportgewalt Berlin") - as of 2017. Accessed on May 17, 2018 (Parliamentary question 18/12288 in the House of Representatives on the file Szenekunde Sport).
  11. ↑ State government: Answer of the state government to the minor inquiry 1645. (PDF) Landtag Brandenburg, May 30, 2016, accessed on January 17, 2017 .
  12. ↑ State government of Brandenburg: Storage of personal data in the file "Violent offenders Sport" and beyond. (PDF) Landtag Brandenburg, June 6, 2017, accessed on July 14, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Senate: Small question: Is there a police personal database on the football fan scene in Bremen too? (PDF) Bremen Citizenship, March 16, 2016, accessed on January 17, 2017 .
  14. ↑ NDR: data protectionists want fan data to be deleted. In: www.ndr.de. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .
  15. ↑ Bad foul: Hamburg police lie to soccer files. Retrieved July 5, 2016 .
  16. ↑ Secret file - Hamburg also stores data on football fans. Retrieved July 5, 2016 .
  17. ^ Ministry of the Interior and for Sport: Personal database of sporting events (SKB database). (PDF) Hessian State Parliament, December 9, 2015, accessed on January 17, 2017 .
  18. ↑ The Minister of the Interior and Sport: Registration as a violent sport. (PDF) Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Parliament, February 15, 2016, accessed on January 17, 2017 .
  19. ↑ The court considers storage of data in the police "work file scene-savvy officials" (SKB) to be permissible in principle. | Administrative Court of Hanover. In: www.verwaltungsgericht-hannover.niedersachsen.de. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .
  20. ↑ Landtag administration: SKB databases in Lower Saxony. (PDF) In: PDF. Nds. State Parliament, March 18, 2016, accessed on July 1, 2016 .
  21. ^ State government of Lower Saxony: SKB files in Lower Saxony. (PDF) In: PDF. Nds. State Parliament, May 27, 2016, accessed on July 1, 2016 .
  22. ^ Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany: Police collect data from suspicious football fans - HAZ - Hannoversche Allgemeine. In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .
  23. ↑ Lower State Parliament: Minutes of the plenary. (PDF) Retrieved July 9, 2016 .
  24. ↑ Minutes of the plenary. (PDF) Nds. State Parliament, accessed on July 9, 2016 .
  25. ↑ Consolidation of the SKB files in Lower Saxony. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .
  26. ^ LKA state file on sport. (PDF) Lower Saxony State Parliament, accessed on July 6, 2016 .
  27. ↑ Fan files: data transfer to third parties. (PDF) Lower Saxony State Parliament, accessed on July 6, 2016 .
  28. ↑ Why are fans being monitored by the police ?: "This is not the rule of law." Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
  29. ^ Children and young people in SKB files in Lower Saxony. (PDF) Lower Saxony State Parliament, accessed on July 6, 2016 .
  30. ↑ State government: Secret official files of scene-aware officials (SKB) about football fans. (PDF) State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia, August 9, 2015, accessed on January 17, 2017 .
  31. ↑ Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate: request SKB file RLP. (PDF) Landtag RLP, accessed on July 6, 2016 .
  32. ↑ State government: V-people in football. (PDF) State Parliament of Saarland, March 14, 2013, accessed on February 17, 2017 .
  33. ↑ State Ministry of the Interior: Work files of civil servants with knowledge of the scene. Saxon State Parliament, March 9, 2016, accessed on February 17, 2017 .
  34. ^ State Parliament of Saxony-Anhalt: Secret files on football fans. (PDF) Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
  35. ^ Jürgen Weber: Request SKB file. (PDF) Schleswig-Holstein State Parliament, accessed on July 6, 2016 .
  36. ^ Thuringian Landtag: minutes of the plenary session 43rd session. (PDF) Thuringian Parliament, February 25, 2016, accessed on January 17, 2017 .