Small-fruited burdock bedstraw

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Small-fruited burdock bedstraw
Small-fruited burdock bedstraw (Galium spurium)

Small-fruited burdock bedstraw ( Galium spurium )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Red family (Rubiaceae)
Genre : Bedstraws ( Galium )
Type : Small-fruited burdock bedstraw
Scientific name
Galium spurium
L.

The small-fruited burdock bedstraw ( Galium spurium ), also known as field bedstraw , seed bedstraw , logwort or green blossom bedstraw , is a member of the red family (Rubiaceae). It is widespread with a few subspecies in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere as far as Africa.

description

The stem is covered with downward spines
Flower with small, greenish petals
Fruit with hook bristles ( var.echinospermum )
Bald fruit ( var.spurium )

The small-fruited burdock bedstraw is closely related to the burdock bedstraw ( Galium aparine ). It differs among other things by the smaller and yellow-greenish colored crown as well as by the smaller fruits. Although “transitional forms” are said to occur, studies by Malik and Vanden Born (1988) could not provide any evidence for the existence of hybrids in these two species.

Appearance and leaf

This annual herbaceous plant reaches heights of 30 to 100 centimeters. The stem is square shaped and the stem nodes are bare or somewhat rough. The stipules and the leaves are designed in the same way and it looks as if six to ten leaves are in a whorl ; they are prickly. The margins of the leaves are directed backwards.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends mainly from May to October. The single inflorescences are angular and three- to nine-flowered. The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four petals are fused to form a corolla tube, which has a diameter of about 0.8 to 1.3 millimeters and is yellow-greenish in color.

The fruit stalks are more or less straight. The fruit is 2 to 3 millimeters long and has either hooked hairs ( Galium spurium subsp. Vaillantii (DC.) Gaudin ) or is bald ( Galium spurium subsp. Spurium ).

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.

Occurrence

The small-fruited burdock bedstraw is widespread in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere as far as Africa. Galium spurium is represented in Central and Southern Europe , in Southwest Asia and in North and Central Africa . In Central Europe, the small-fruited burdock bedstraw occurs scattered or rarely. In Germany, the small-fruited burdock bedstraw can be found scattered or rarely, especially in Bavaria and Thuringia. Nothing is known exactly about the distribution of the subspecies. In Austria, the small-fruited burdock bedstraw is found absent-mindedly or rarely in all federal states, while it is generally found absent-minded in Switzerland. As a neophyte it is also found in the cultivated plant stocks of North America and is a serious problem, especially in western Canada ( invasive plant species ).

Galium spurium thrives best on fresh, nutrient-rich loam and clay soils . Galium spurium grows in flax, cereal and rubble weed communities. According to Erich Oberdorfer , the subspecies Galium spurium subsp. spurium a type of character of the Sileno-Linetum from the Lolio-Linion association.

The ecological indicator values ​​according to Ellenberg for Galium spurium are: L7 = half-light plant, Tx = indifferent behavior, F5 = freshness indicator, R8 = base to weak acid indicator, mostly pointing to lime, N5 = indicating moderately nitrogen-rich locations, poor and rarely rich


Systematics

The first publication of Galium spurium was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms of Galium spurium L. are. Galium agreste var. Leiospermon Wallr. , Galium aparine var. Spurium (L.) Wimm. & Dig. , Galium spurium subsp. glabrum Gaudin nom. inval., Galium aparine subsp. spurium (L.) Hartm. , Aparine spuria (L.) Fourr. , Galium aparine var. Spurium (L.) Hiern .

About three or four subspecies are distinguished from Galium spurium :

  • Galium spurium subsp. africanum Verdc. : It occurs from the Sinai Peninsula and the tropical African mountains to South Africa , on Socotra and on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
  • Galium spurium subsp. ibicinum (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Honorable. (Syn .: Galium ibicinum Boiss. & Hausskn. , Galium linczevskyi Pobed. ): It occurs from southern Turkey to Central Asia .
  • Galium spurium L. subsp. spurium : It is widespread in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere. According to R. Govaerts, the variety Galium spurium var. Echinospermum (Wallr.) Klett & Richt also belongs here .
  • Galium spurium subsp. vaillantii (DC.) Gaudin (Syn .: Galium vaillantii DC. , Galium vaillantii DC. , Galium infestum Waldst. & Kit. , Galium spurium subsp. infestum (Waldst. & Kit.) Janch. After A. Dobignard, C. Chatelain , 2013, it belongs to the subspecies Galium spurium subsp. spurium )

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  770 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Galium spurium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 30, 2016.
  3. ↑ a b Karol Marhold, 2011: Rubiaceae. : Galium spurium - data sheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  4. ^ A. Dobignard, C. Chatelain: Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord. Volume 5, Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Small-fruited Burdock Bedstraw  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files