Ste-Croix (Bordeaux)
The Sainte-Croix church in Bordeaux is the church of a former Benedictine monastery . It has been classified as a Monument historique since 1840 . It is located in the southeast of the center of Bordeaux on the Place Pierre Renaudel .
history
The Benedictine abbey of Sainte-Croix was founded at the time of the Merovingians on an elevation near the banks of the Garonne , in a marshland that was then south of Bordeaux. The exact year of the foundation is not known, however, according to an epitaph from the 7th century, Mummolus, the second abbot of Fleury (today Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire ) died here around 679. The abbey was destroyed by the Saracens on a raid around 730 and was probably rebuilt at the end of the 8th century. In the middle of the 9th century it was the Normans to whom the abbey fell victim. The third building of the monastery is attributed to William the Good , who had been Count and perhaps Duke of Gascon since around 970 († probably 996), and who chose the place for the new building where an oratorio for Mummolus already stood.
The abbey owned the towns of Saint-Hilaire-du-Taillan and Soulac with the priory church of Notre-Dame-de-la-fin-des-Terres , later Saint-Macaire and Macau were added. The current Romanesque style church dates from the end of the 11th or beginning of the 12th century and thus from the same period as the churches of Soulac (Notre-Dame-de-la-fin-des-Terres) and Macau.
Over the centuries, the abbots let the monastery buildings (kitchens, dormitories, refectory, etc.) fall into disrepair, so that the monks of the Congrégation de Saint-Maur ( → Maurinians ) were given permission to rebuild the monastery in the 17th century. Construction began in 1664 and was completed in 1672.
In 1793 the abbey was converted into a hospice, and since 1890 the buildings have been used by the École des Beaux-Arts of Bordeaux.
The church of Sainte-Croix was merged with the churches of Saint-Michel, Saint-Pierre, Saint-Paul and Saint-Éloi to form a parish and in 2009 was given to the Communauté du Chemin-Neuf .
architecture
The church has the plan of a Latin cross . It consists of a nave with five bays , a transept with large chapels on both sides and a polygonal apse . The nave is 39 meters long and the apse is 15.30 meters high.
The architect Paul Abadie restored the church in the 19th century, adding the symmetrical bell tower on the left side of the facade.
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Archivolt
capital
Furnishing
In the church there are two paintings by Guillaume Cureau (around 1595–1648) on Mummolus, “Saint Mummolus heals a possessed person” and “Saint Mummolus heals a sick person”, as well as an exaltation of the cross by A. Bourgneuf from 1636.
organ
A first organ already existed in the 16th century, it was replaced after 1661 by a simpler instrument made by Jean Haon. In 1730 it was decided to install a larger organ, the construction of which was entrusted to the organ builder Dom Bédos de Celles fifteen years later . In 1811 Charles-François d'Aviau Du Bois de Sanzay, Archbishop of Bordeaux , requested the organ for the Saint-André cathedral , where it remained until 1970. It was then installed again in Sainte-Croix and finally restored between 1983 and 1995. Today the instrument has 45 registers on five manuals and a pedal . The range of the pedal is striking (à la française).
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literature
- A. Chauliac (1848-1926): Histoire de l'abbaye de Sainte-Croix de Bordeaux , Archives de la France monastique Volume IX, 1910. online
- Abbé Louis Darnis, Vicaire à Sainte-Croix: Guide de l'église Sainte-Croix de Bordeaux , 1950
Web links
- Office du tourisme de Bordeaux ( Memento of October 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information about the organ and the disposition
Coordinates: 44 ° 49 ′ 52 ″ N , 0 ° 33 ′ 40 ″ W.