Salomon Sulzer
Salomon Sulzer (born March 30, 1804 in Hohenems , Vorarlberg ; died January 17, 1890 in Vienna ) was an Austrian chasan and sacred musician.
Life
Salomon Sulzer came from a Jewish family who had come to Hohenems from Sulz near Rankweil in Vorarlberg after the local Jewish community was expelled in 1744. In 1813 the family took the name Sulzer ; previously it was called Levi .
Sulzer was supposed to be the successor to his father, who owned a prosperous trading company. But the young Salomon Levi almost drowned as a child in 1811. Since this disaster turned out mildly, the family vowed to train the son to be a chasan or rabbi .
In 1817 the position of cantor in the Jewish community of Hohenems became vacant and the family pushed for an application. The argument that he was still too young - Sulzer was just 13 years old - was refuted by the fact that he had taken off the bar mitzvah and was therefore no longer a child. Nevertheless, it took an act of grace by Emperor Franz I to confirm Sulzer in his office. This was done on the condition that he had to prepare for this office over the next three years.
Sulzer became a student of Rabbi Lippman . In 1818 Sulzer traveled through France with his teacher. After returning, he went to Karlsruhe for a year to study music.
In 1820, at the age of 16, he was able to take over the position of cantor in Hohenems. In addition to his official duties, he founded a choir and a small orchestra. During this time Sulzer supported some of his musicians financially. But since the cantor's salary was rather meager, it is assumed that his family supported him actively.
In 1825 Isaak Noah Mannheimer brought Sulzer to Vienna to the local community . In addition to his official business in Vienna, he also studied in the city temple , a. a. Composition by Ritter Ignaz von Seyfried . In 1828, at Sulzer's request , Franz Schubert composed Psalm 92 (song for the Sabbath) for the community, which Moses Mendelssohn had translated.
Hardly in Vienna, Sulzer married Fanni Hirschfeld from Hohenems. He had 16 children with her: Maria (* 1828), Hermann (* 1829), Julius (* 1830), Hermine (* 1831), Henriette (* 1832), Klara (* 1834), Bertha (* 1835), Rosalie (* 1836), Caroline (* 1837), Theodor (* 1839), Sophie (* 1840), Rachel (* 1843), Auguste (* 1844), Carl (* 1846), Joseph (* 1850) and Franziska (* 1856). The latter married the journalist Paul d'Abrest .
In 1844 Sulzer was appointed professor of singing at the Conservatory of the Society of Friends of Music . He held this teaching post until 1847.
Salomon Sulzer made the breakthrough for Jewish worship with his chants from the Shir Zion Collection . After inquiries came in from numerous European countries, Sulzer had his work published in 1838, which now reformed the Jewish liturgy. Synagogue singing, which was traditionally orthodox up to now, has been Europeanized, so to speak. New compositions should not be ruled out, although important Christian composers should serve as models.
Salomon Sulzer rests in the Israelite Department of the Vienna Central Cemetery . The former synagogue of Hohenems was renovated in 2003/2004 and the Salomon-Sulzer-Saal was named after him.
Awards
Works
- Oriental love greeting
- Shir Zion 1 (1838)
- Dudaʼim: small liturgical hymn book (1860)
- Shir Zion 2 (1869)
- Zikkaron (1890)
literature
- Alexander Rausch : Sulzer, family. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 5, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-7001-3067-8 .
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Sulzer, Salomon . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 40th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1880, pp. 311–316 ( digitized version ).
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Sulzer, Salomon, family . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 40th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1880, p. 316 ( digitized version ).
- Hanoch Avery (ed.): Cantor Salomon Sulzer and his time. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1985, ISBN 3-7995-4063-6 .
- Eduard Kulke : Salomon Sulzer, Professor and Chief Cantor. Biographical sketch. Herzfeld & Bauer, Vienna 1866.
- Bernhard Purin (Red.): Salomon Sulzer. Cantor, composer, reformer. Land Vorarlberg, Bregenz 1991, ISBN 3-9500043-0-0 (catalog for the exhibition of the same name).
- Tina Frühauf: Salomon Sulzer. Reformer, cantor, cult figure. In: Jüdische Miniatures, Vol. 133. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-942271-86-8 .
- Tina Frühauf: Salomon Sulzer. Reformer, Cantor, Icon. In: Jewish Miniatures, Volume 133A, Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-942271-87-5 .
- Sulzer Salomon. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 14, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2012–,ISBN 978-3-7001-7312-0, p. 45 f. (Direct links on p. 45 , p. 46 ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Salomon Sulzer in the catalog of the German National Library
- Exemplary biography: Salomon Sulzer (1804–1890). On the website of the Jewish Museum Hohenems
- Genealogy of the Sulzer family on the genealogy website of the Jewish Museum Hohenems
- In the footsteps of Salomon Sulzer. A cultural project in the "Museum Online" series
- Website for the Salomon Sulzer Hall at the cultural department of the city of Hohenems
- Entry on special postage stamps of the Austrian Post on the 100th anniversary of death in the Austria-Forum (as postage stamp display)
- Hohenems: stronghold of the Jewish cantors. Audio broadcast in Musik der Welt on DRS2 , accessed on April 14, 2018
- Obituary for Salomon Sulzer. In: Prager Tagblatt , January 19, 1890, p. 7 (online at ANNO ).
- Digitized works by and about Salomon Sulzer in the Judaica collection of the Frankfurt University Library
Individual evidence
- ^ Abraham Zvi Idelsohn : Jewish Music - Its Historical Development. Henry Holt & Company, New York 1929, p. 249.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Sulzer, Salomon |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian chasan, composer and sacred musician |
DATE OF BIRTH | March 30, 1804 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Hohenems , Vorarlberg |
DATE OF DEATH | January 17, 1890 |
Place of death | Vienna |