Opera house on Salvatorplatz
The Opera House on Salvatorplatz (also called the Sant Salvator Opera House) was a theater building in Munich that opened in 1657 . The house was built during the reign of Duke Ferdinand Maria von Bayern on his behalf and served as a court opera. It was the first permanent opera building on the territory of today's Germany . It has not been used since 1799 and was abandoned in 1802. It was on Salvatorplatz in today's old town .
prehistory
At the beginning of the 17th century An opera culture began to develop in Europe , particularly in Italy , which culminated in the construction of permanent opera houses. The first of these opera houses, the Teatro San Cassiano , opened in Venice in 1637 . In Germany, too, opera culture developed at the various royal courts at this time, with the opera "Dafne" by Heinrich Schütz (premiered in Torgau), the first (unfortunately lost) German-language opera was created in 1627. With the wedding of Duke Ferdinand Maria to Henriette Adelheid von Savoyen in 1652, Italian opera culture also came to the Bavarian court through the bride. Before the wedding, there was already a court orchestra in Munich with mostly Italian musicians, and the musical repertoire was also largely Italian. The musical direction of the court orchestra was Giovanni Giacomo Porro , who had been appointed court conductor from Vienna to Munich in 1635. Opera performances have also been on record in the Herkulessaal of the Munich Residence since 1637 , as well as in the Schleißheim and Nymphenburg palaces, some of which continued after the opening.
building
An old granary ("Haberkasten"), which was located between today's Prannerstrasse and Salvatorstrasse, was converted into an opera house from 1651 or 1654. The building plans were carried out by the Venetian Francesco Santurini (1627–1682). But the Munich architect Marx Schinnagl is also said to have been involved in the construction of the "Opera and Comedy House". On the Munich city map by Matthäus Seutter from 1740, the building can be recognized and labeled (No. 7). Unfortunately, there are no external views of the building.
History of the Opera House
The construction of the opera house began according to various sources as early as 1651 or 1654. It was probably the carnival (January or February) of the year 1657 with the opera "Oronte" by Johann Caspar von Kerll , who on February 22, 1656 as vice conductor next Porro was appointed, opened.
On September 20, 1656, after Porro's death, Kerll was "acquired for a working Kapellmaister with 1180 fl. Gold and 243 fl. Wine money annually" .
In the opening opera “Oronte”, all female roles were sung by castrati , the role of “Dorisbe”, for example, was performed by Bartolomeo Sorlisio, that of “Romilda” by Giovanni Antonio Cavagna. In addition to this opera, Kerll composed at least 4 of the approx. 25 operas given up until his abdication in 1674 for the opera house, all of which have been lost and in some cases only the libretti exist. Kerll acted as Kapellmeister until the end of 1673, but gave up his service due to quarrels with the Italians at court. His successor was Ercole Bernabei from April 15, 1674 .
From 1687 Ercole Bernabeis son Giuseppe Antonio acted as court conductor.
From 1715 Pietro Torri held the rank of supervisor for the Electoral Chamber Music and Kapellmeister and was thus Barnabei's deputy. In the years that followed, an opera and numerous other compositions were written every year on behalf of the elector. On the occasion of the wedding celebrations of the heir to the throne Karl Albrecht and the Emperor's daughter Maria Amalia of Austria, he received the commission for the opera Adelaide , which premiered on October 18, 1722 in the opera house. Max Emanuel died in 1726, and Karl Albrecht succeeded him on the electoral throne of the Bavarian Wittelsbach family. On this occasion Torri composed the allegorical Serenata La Baviera as a musical homage to the new ruler . This work already pays homage to the Bavarian claim to the imperial throne and represents the self-image of the dynasty.
During his stay in Munich in 1728, the famous castrato Farinelli sang a solo part in the opera Nicomede . In 1729 he appeared again with Faustina Bordoni for the performance of the opera Edippo .
Only after the death of Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei in 1732 did Torri officially receive the post of Bavarian court conductor.
Since the new opera house in the residence (today's Cuvilliés Theater ) opened with the opera “Catone in Utica” by Metastasio on October 12, 1753, the operas of the carnival season were played there from then on. The opera house on Salvatorplatz was then only used for operettas, ballets and later for plays. Nevertheless, the premiere of the opera " La finta giardiniera " by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart took place there on January 13, 1775 in the presence of Elector Maximilian III. Joseph still held.
In the following years the building and the stage technology became increasingly ailing. In 1799 this culminated in the fact that the opera house was no longer used and was completely demolished in 1802.
List of some of the operas performed at the opera house
| title | composer | libretto | (Premiere | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L'Oronte | Johann Caspar von Kerll | Giorgio Giacomo Alcaini | 1657 | |
| Introdizzione per il balletto | GB Maccioni | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | 1657 | |
| Applause festivi | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | GB Maccioni | 28 Aug 1658 | |
| Ardelia | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | GB Maccioni | 1660 | |
| Erinto | Johann Caspar von Kerll | Conte PP Bissari | 1661 | |
| Fedra Incoronata | Johann Caspar von Kerll | PP bissari | 1662 | |
| Antiopa giustificata | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | PP bissari | Sept. 26, 1662 | |
| L'amor della patria superiore ad ogni altro | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | F. Sbarra | 1665 | |
| Atalanta | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | R. Pallavicino | Jan. 30, 1667 | |
| Le pretensioni del Sole | Johann Caspar von Kerll | Domenico Gisberti | 1667 | |
| Il colori geniali | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | Domenico Gisberti | Nov 6, 1669 | |
| Erinto | Johann Caspar von Kerll | PP bissari | 1671 | Re-performance |
| Amor tiranno, overo Regnero innamorato | Johann Caspar von Kerll? | Domenico Gisberti | Oct 31, 1672 | |
| La conquista del Velo d'oro in Colco | Ercole Bernabei | Domenico Gisberti | 1674 | |
| La fabbrica di corone | Ercole Bernabei | ? | 1674 | |
| I portenti dell'indole generosa | Ercole Bernabei | Domenico Gisberti | 1672 [1675?] | |
| Alvilda in subscription | Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei | Ventura Terzago | Feb 10, 1678 | |
| Enea in Italia | Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei | Ventura Terzago | July 26, 1678 | receive |
| Ascanio in Alba | Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei | Ventura Terzago | 19 Feb 1686 | receive |
| La gloria festeggiante | Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei | L. Orlandi | Jan. 18, 1688 | receive |
| Diana amante | Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei | L. Orlandi | Feb 26, 1688 | receive |
| Il Trionfo d'Imeneo | Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei | L. Orlandi | Nov 22, 1688 | receive |
| Il segretto d'amore in petto del savio | Giuseppe Antonio Bernabei | L. Orlandi | Feb 7, 1690 | receive |
| Edippo | Pietro Torri | Domenico Lalli | Oct. 22, 1729 | |
| Il barone di torre forte | Josef Willibald Michl | ? | Feb. 1, 1772 | |
| L'amante deluso | Josef Willibald Michl | ? | Nov. 27, 1773 | |
| La finta giardiniera | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Giuseppe Petrosellini (?) | Jan. 13, 1775 | receive |
| Johann Faust | Josef Willibald Michl | Paul Weidmann | 16./31. May 1776 |
literature
- M. Rudhart : History of the opera at the court in Munich. First part: The Italian Opera 1654–1787. Publisher Franz Datterer Freising 1865.
- Zenger, Max: History of the Munich Opera. Posthumous work. Edited by Theodor Kroyer. Publishing house Dr. FX Weizinger Munich 1923.
- Reinhard G. Wittmann (Ed.): Munich Salvatorplatz. From the Comoedie house to the literature house. Exhibition catalog, contribution by Brigitte Huber on the history of Salvatorplatz, Literaturhaus Verlag, Munich 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Ebnet: You Lived in Munich - Biographies from Eight Centuries , Allitera, Munich, 2016, p. 523.
- ^ Franz Michael Rudhart : History of the Opera at the Court of Munich , Datterer, Freising, 1865, p. 33.
- ↑ ibid, p. 153
- ^ Munich Salvatorplatz. From the Comoedie house to the literature house. Literaturhaus Munich, 2002
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 31.9 ″ N , 11 ° 34 ′ 31.4 ″ E